ABSTRACT

Film mulched ridge-furrow tillage (FMRF) with straw incorporation (S) can efficiently improve rain-fed maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The key mechanisms were investigated via a 3-year consecutive FMRF and S interactive experiments [CP (conventional planting, Control), CP_S, FMRF, FMRF_S] from 2014 to 2016. In comparison with CP, FMRF_S increased the temperature by 1.8°C to 4.8°C and the soil water content of 0–200 cm soil profile (W₂₀₀) by 98.0 mm to 106.7 mm from the seedling to tasseling stage, and decreased the temperature by 1.1°C to 3.7°C from flowering to maturity. The concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (TN, TP, TK and AN, AP, AK) were also remarkable increased by 5.9% to 55.1% (P < 0.05) for FMRF_S, respectively. FMRF_S considerably mitigated the effects of the frequent water and heat stress and fertility deficit and led to a higher maize yield (27.0% to 40.0%), improved WUE (1.4-folds to 2.0-folds). The W₂₀₀, SOC, TN, TP, AN and AP significant contribute to maize yield. Therefore, FMRF_S not only enhanced the soil fertility but also maintained soil water balance, thus causing a significant increase in maize yield and WUE.

摘要

秸秆还田 (S) 的薄膜覆盖垄沟耕作 (FMRF) 可有效提高雨养玉米产量和水分利用效率 (WUE)。通过2014 年至 2016年连续 3 年的 FMRF 和 S 交互实验 [CP (conventional planting, Control), CP _S , FMRF, FMRF _{S ] 研究了关键机制。与 CP 相比，FMRF S}使温度升高了 1.8 °C 至 4.8°C 和 0–200 cm 土壤剖面的土壤含水量 ( W ₂₀₀) 从苗期到抽穗期降低了 98.0 mm 到 106.7 mm，从开花到成熟降低了 1.1°C 到 3.7°C。FMRF _S的土壤有机碳（SOC）、土壤总氮、磷和钾（TN、TP、TK 和 AN、AP、AK）的浓度也显着增加了 5.9% 至 55.1%（P < 0.05）。 ， 分别。FMRF _S显着减轻了频繁的水和热胁迫以及肥力不足的影响，并导致玉米产量增加（27.0% 至 40.0%），提高了 WUE（1.4 倍至 2.0 倍）。W ₂₀₀、SOC、TN、TP、AN和AP对玉米产量有显着贡献。因此，FMRF _S不仅提高了土壤肥力，而且保持了土壤水分平衡，从而导致玉米产量和 WUE 显着增加。