Abstract

This review provides a detailed overview of the latest developments using nanoscale strategies in the field of polymeric and polymer nanocomposite materials for emerging dielectric capacitor-based energy storage applications. Among the various energy storage devices, solid-state dielectric capacitors possess the advantage of high-power density which makes them highly attractive for pulsed power applications. Polymers are particularly suitable for dielectric energy storage applications because of their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, formability, self-healing capability, flexibility, solvent processability, and graceful breakdown failure. Strategies to enhance the dielectric breakdown strength of polymeric dielectric capacitors are emphasized in this review. General background on breakdown mechanism, breakdown characteristics, and factors influencing polymer dielectrics breakdown are introduced. Given that polymers have low permittivity, strategies to substantially enhance dipole mobility and hence the permittivity, are highlighted. We discuss strategies to address permittivity contrast between nanofillers and the polymer matrix including the potential for developing gradient permittivity structured nanofillers. To improve the compatibility of nanofiller with polymer and minimize nanofiller aggregation, different routes to surface functionalize nanoparticles are presented. An outlook and future perspectives section are provided for the design of high energy density polymer film capacitors.

摘要

本综述详细概述了在聚合物和聚合物纳米复合材料领域使用纳米级策略的最新进展，用于新兴的基于介电电容器的储能应用。在各种储能器件中，固态电介质电容器具有高功率密度的优势，这使其在脉冲功率应用中极具吸引力。聚合物特别适用于介电储能应用，因为它们具有高击穿强度、低介电损耗、可成型性、自愈能力、柔韧性、溶剂加工性和良好的击穿失效。本综述强调了提高聚合物介电电容器介电击穿强度的策略。故障机制的一般背景，故障特征，介绍了影响聚合物电介质击穿的因素。鉴于聚合物具有低介电常数，强调显着增强偶极子迁移率并因此提高介电常数的策略。我们讨论了解决纳米填料和聚合物基质之间介电常数对比的策略，包括开发梯度介电常数结构纳米填料的潜力。为了提高纳米填料与聚合物的相容性并最大限度地减少纳米填料的聚集，提出了表面功能化纳米粒子的不同途径。为高能量密度聚合物薄膜电容器的设计提供了展望和未来展望部分。被突出显示。我们讨论了解决纳米填料和聚合物基质之间介电常数对比的策略，包括开发梯度介电常数结构纳米填料的潜力。为了提高纳米填料与聚合物的相容性并最大限度地减少纳米填料的聚集，提出了表面功能化纳米粒子的不同途径。为高能量密度聚合物薄膜电容器的设计提供了展望和未来展望部分。被突出显示。我们讨论了解决纳米填料和聚合物基质之间介电常数对比的策略，包括开发梯度介电常数结构纳米填料的潜力。为了提高纳米填料与聚合物的相容性并最大限度地减少纳米填料的聚集，提出了表面功能化纳米粒子的不同途径。为高能量密度聚合物薄膜电容器的设计提供了展望和未来展望部分。