The structural and phase changes in the surface layer of the 1933 aluminum alloy caused by the irradiation of a high-current relativistic electron beam are studied. The impact of the electron beam leads to the formation of a remelted surface layer with surface relief and microcracks. The structural phase state of this layer is determined by the complex impact of the electron beam and the kinetics of melt crystallization under ultrafast cooling. Via X-ray diffraction studies and the results of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis it became possible to make a conclusion that submicron sizes of magnesium oxide are present in the remelted layer. MgO inclusions are distributed homogeneously in the remelted layer. The presence of MgO inclusions leads to hardening of the surface layer of the alloy. The nature of formation of MgO during the impact of a pulsed electron beam are discussed

研究了大电流相对论电子束辐照引起的1933铝合金表面层的结构和相变。电子束的冲击导致形成具有表面起伏和微裂纹的重熔表面层。该层的结构相态由电子束的复杂冲击和超快速冷却下的熔体结晶动力学决定。通过X射线衍射研究和能量色散X射线显微分析的结果，有可能得出结论，重熔层中存在亚微米尺寸的氧化镁。MgO夹杂物均匀分布在重熔层中。MgO夹杂物的存在导致合金表层硬化。