Multi-component porous Si-SiOx (pSi) consisting of Si, SiO and SiO₂ was formed by the pretreatment of SiO at 950 °C for 3 h in an inert atmosphere (He) using a disproportionation reaction. Hybrids of pSi and carbon nanofibers (pSi-CNFs) with a core-shell structure were prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Fe-Ni species as the catalyst and a mixture of CO/H₂/C₂H₄ (volumetric ratio 3:1:1) as the reactant for 0.5, 1 and 2 h, and were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS. Results indicate that the pSi-CNF particle sizes are 5−20 μ m with the diameters of the CNFs being 5−40 nm. The CNFs are uniformly coated on the surface of the pSi to form a core-shell structure. Electrochemical performance testing shows that the reversible capacity of the pSi-CNF (0.5 h) remains at 1 411 mAh.g⁻¹ and the capacity retention is 74% after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A.g⁻¹. The reversible capacity remains at 735 mAh.g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ after 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 86%. In the pSi, Si and SiO provide the electrochemical reversible capacity. The core-shell structure with the CNF coating effectively improves the conductivity of the composites, and also inhibits the volume expansion of silicon to maintain the integrity of the core shell structure.

由SiO，SiO和SiO ₂组成的多组分多孔Si-SiOx（pSi）是通过在SiO2上在惰性气氛（He）中在950°C下进行歧化反应预处理3小时而形成的。通过使用Fe-Ni物种作为催化剂和CO / H ₂ / C ₂ H ₄的混合物的催化化学气相沉积（CVD）制备具有核-壳结构的pSi和碳纳米纤维（pSi-CNF）的杂化物（体积比3：1：1）作为反应物0.5、1和2小时，并通过SEM，TEM，EDS，XRD，拉曼光谱和XPS表征。结果表明，pSi-CNF粒径为5-20μm，CNF的直径为5-40 nm。CNF均匀地涂覆在pSi的表面上以形成核-壳结构。电化学性能测试表明，pSi-CNF（0.5 h）的可逆容量保持在1 411 mAh.g ^-1，在电流密度为0.2 Ag ^{-1的情况下}经过100次循环后容量保持率为74％。可逆容量保持在735 mAh.g ^-1在1A g的电流密度^-1300次循环后，容量保持率达86％。在pSi中，Si和SiO提供电化学可逆容量。具有CNF涂层的核-壳结构有效地提高了复合材料的导电性，并且还抑制了硅的体积膨胀以维持核-壳结构的完整性。