ESA’s INTEGRAL space mission has achieved unique results for solar and terrestrial physics, although spacecraft operations nominally excluded the possibility to point at the Sun or the Earth. The Earth avoidance was, however, exceptionally relaxed for special occultation observations of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB), which on some occasions allowed the detection of strong X-ray auroral emission. In addition, the most intense solar flares can be bright enough to be detectable from outside the field of view of the main instruments. This article presents for the first time the auroral observations by INTEGRAL and reviews earlier studies of the most intense solar flares. We end by briefly summarising the studies of the Earth’s radiation belts, which can be considered as another topic of serendipitous science with INTEGRAL.

ESA 的INTEGRAL太空任务在太阳和地球物理学方面取得了独特的成果，尽管航天器的运行名义上排除了指向太阳或地球的可能性。然而，对于宇宙 X 射线背景 (CXB) 的特殊掩星观测，地球回避异常宽松，这在某些情况下可以检测到强 X 射线极光发射。此外，最强烈的太阳耀斑可能足够明亮，可以从主要仪器的视野之外被探测到。本文首次介绍了INTEGRAL的极光观测并回顾了对最强烈太阳耀斑的早期研究。最后，我们简要总结了地球辐射带的研究，这可以被认为是INTEGRAL 的另一个偶然的科学主题。