Epstein-Barr virus infection is the most common viral latent infection in humans and represents one prototypical model to study immunity to viral infections. In that respect, inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) or primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) predisposing to severe and chronic EBV infections provide peculiar examples to decipher-specific molecular and cellular components involved in the immune control of EBV-infected cells. Herein, we discuss the recent knowledge and concepts arising from these studies, with a particular focus on ‘atypical’ EBV infections when EBV enters T, NK and smooth muscle cells, instead of the common ‘typical’ infection of B cells.

爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒感染是人类最常见的病毒潜伏感染，是研究病毒感染免疫力的一种原型模型。在这方面，易患严重和慢性 EBV 感染的先天性免疫缺陷 (IEI) 或原发性免疫缺陷 (PID) 为破译参与 EBV 感染细胞免疫控制的特异性分子和细胞成分提供了特殊的例子。在这里，我们讨论了这些研究产生的最新知识和概念，特别关注当 EBV 进入 T、NK 和平滑肌细胞时的“非典型”EBV 感染，而不是常见的“典型”B 细胞感染。