Air pollution is one of the main factors affecting human health. Air quality is especially important in the tourist areas developed with facilities for outdoor activities. During the winter season of 2017/2018, the concentrations of particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM₁), CO, O₃, and NO₂ were studied in 12 attractive tourist villages in the surroundings of the Czorsztyn Reservoir in southern Poland. Air pollutant measurements were performed continuously, using a single ground-based Alphasense air sensor. Our assessment of human health risk (HHRA), arising from inhalation exposure to air contaminants, was calculated for both local inhabitants and tourists, based on actual measured values. It was found that pollutant concentrations exceeded both permissible and recommended levels of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. The mean total noncarcinogenic risk values were equal to 9.58 (unitless) for adults and 9.68 (unitless) for children and infants, under the resident exposure scenario. However, under the tourist exposure scenario, the mean total risk was equal to 1.63 (unitless) for adults and 1.64 (unitless) for children and infants. The risk to tourists was lower than that to inhabitants due to shorter exposure times. The target non-carcinogenic value of 1, calculated for PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NO₂, was significantly exceeded in total risk, under the residential exposure scenario, in reference to all the local subpopulations. In the majority of the investigated locations, the total risk exceeded the value of 1, under the tourist scenario, for all the subpopulations analysed. PM_2.5 was recognised to be the most important contaminant in our risk analysis, in view of its share in the total risk value.

中文翻译：

---

不可持续供热源地区空气污染的人类健康风险评估。案例研究—波兰南部的旅游区

空气污染是影响人类健康的主要因素之一。在开发有户外活动设施的旅游区，空气质量尤为重要。在2017/2018冬季，颗粒物（PM ₁₀，PM _2.5，PM ₁），CO，O ₃和NO _2的浓度在波兰南部Czorsztyn水库周围的12个有吸引力的旅游村庄中进行了研究。使用单个地面Alphasense空气传感器连续进行空气污染物测量。我们根据实际测量值计算出了因吸入空气污染物而引起的人类健康风险评估（HHRA）。发现污染物浓度超过了PM ₁₀和PM _2.5的允许和建议水平。。在居民暴露情况下，成人的平均非致癌风险平均值等于9.58（无单位），儿童和婴儿为9.68（无单位）。但是，在游客暴露的情况下，成人的平均总风险等于1.63（无单位），儿童和婴儿的平均总风险等于1.64（无单位）。由于接触时间较短，对游客的风险要比对居民的风险低。在居民暴露的情况下，相对于所有当地亚人群，针对PM ₁₀，PM _2.5和NO ₂的目标非致癌性目标值1大大超过了总风险。在大多数情况下，对于所有子类别，在游客情况下，总风险超过了1的值。下午_考虑到2.5在总风险价值中的占比，_2.5被认为是我们风险分析中最重要的污染物。