Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We applied an optimized search strategy across the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and four Chinese databases, with hand searching supplemented to identify relevant surveys. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used a validated method to assess the prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heterogeneity was quantified using Q statistics and the I2 statistics. The potential causes of heterogeneity were investigated using subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. Sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the robustness of the results. Results: We pooled and analyzed data from twenty studies comprising 10,886 healthcare workers. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, post-traumatic stress symptoms, phobia, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and somatization symptoms was 24.1%, 28.6%, 44.1%, 25.6%, 35.0%, 16.2%, and 10.7%, respectively. Female and nurses had a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. Frontline healthcare workers had a higher prevalence of anxiety and lower prevalence of depression than the second-line. Furthermore, the proportion of moderate-severe depression and anxiety is higher in the frontline. Additionally, 4 studies reported on risk factors of mental health problems. Conclusions: In this systematic review, healthcare workers have a relatively high prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, post-traumatic stress symptoms, phobia, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and somatization symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, and should focus on the HCWs at high risk of mental problems. Mental health problems in healthcare workers should be taken seriously, and timely screening and appropriate intervention for high-risk group are highly recommended.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19大流行期间医护人员心理健康问题的患病率和风险因素：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的：本荟萃分析的目的是总结在COVID-19大流行期间医护人员中心理健康问题的患病率和危险因素。方法：我们在PubMed，EMBASE，Scopus，PsycINFO和四个中文数据库中应用了优化的搜索策略，并辅以手工搜索来识别相关调查。如果研究发表在同行评审的文献中，并且使用经过验证的方法来评估COVID-19大流行期间医护人员中精神健康问题的患病率和风险因素，则有资格被纳入研究。异质性使用Q统计量和I2统计量进行量化。使用亚组分析和元回归分析研究了异质性的潜在原因。进行敏感性分析以检查结果的稳健性。结果：我们汇总并分析了包括10886名医护人员在内的20项研究的数据。抑郁症，焦虑症，失眠症，创伤后应激症状，恐惧症，强迫症和躯体化症状的患病率分别为24.1％，28.6％，44.1％，25.6％，35.0％，16.2％和10.7％。女性和护士患抑郁症和焦虑症的几率很高。一线医护人员比二线医护人员的焦虑症患病率更高，而抑郁症的患病率更低。此外，一线中度重度抑郁和焦虑的比例更高。此外，有4项研究报告了精神健康问题的危险因素。结论：在这项系统评价中，医护人员患抑郁症，焦虑症，失眠症，创伤后应激症状，恐惧症，在COVID-19大流行期间出现强迫症和躯体化症状，应重点关注精神病高危人群。应认真对待医护人员的心理健康问题，强烈建议对高危人群进行及时筛查和适当干预。