1. The health of running freshwater systems depends to a large extent on flow rates, which can co-vary with other environmental variables such as temperature. Water flow and temperature can influence oxidative status of individual animals, thereby impacting muscle function and locomotion. Consequently, ecologically important behaviours such as dispersal may be disrupted.
2. Our aim was to determine whether the interactions between acclimation to flowing water (3 weeks at 0.06 m/s or still water), thermal acclimation (3 weeks at 18 and 28°C), and acute test temperatures (18–32°C) determine oxidative status, locomotor performance, and dispersal in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).
3. We show that swimming capacity was greater in fish living in flowing water compared to those in still water, and that this difference was greater in warm acclimated fish. However, dispersal was not dependent on maximal locomotor capacities. Fish initiated dispersal to a greater extent when acclimated to flowing water and cool temperature, although there were interactions with acute test temperature.
4. Dispersal speed was not affected by flow acclimation, but it was greater at cool test temperatures in cool acclimated fish, and vice versa for warm acclimated fish. Also, fish acclimated to flowing and cool water made a greater number of dispersal decisions. Oxidative damage to membranes and proteins did not change with flow or temperature treatments, but antioxidant capacities were greater in animals acclimated to flow and cool temperatures.
5. Trait-specific approaches used to assess fish responses to altered flow regimes typically consider a range of morphological and life-history traits to characterise species and predict the impact of environmental change. Physiological traits and responses such as those we describe here can be a useful addition to life-history traits in predicting the impact of environmental change on movement. Consideration of the impacts of physiological traits on dispersal can increase the efficacy of management and restoration projects.

中文翻译：

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水流和温度相互作用以确定蚊鱼（Gambusia holbrooki）的氧化状态、游泳性能和扩散

1. 运行淡水系统的健康在很大程度上取决于流速，流速可能与其他环境变量（如温度）共同变化。水流和温度会影响个体动物的氧化状态，从而影响肌肉功能和运动。因此，生态上重要的行为，例如散布，可能会受到干扰。
2. 我们的目的是确定适应流水（0.06 m/s 下 3 周或静水）、热适应（18 和 28°C 下 3 周）和急性测试温度（18-32°C）之间是否存在相互作用确定蚊鱼( Gambusia holbrooki ) 的氧化状态、运动性能和扩散。
3. 我们表明，与静水中的鱼类相比，生活在流动水中的鱼的游泳能力更大，而且这种差异在温驯化的鱼类中更大。然而，分散并不依赖于最大运动能力。当适应流动的水和凉爽的温度时，鱼在更大程度上开始分散，尽管与急性测试温度存在相互作用。
4. 扩散速度不受水流驯化的影响，但在冷驯化鱼的冷试验温度下扩散速度更大，反之亦然。此外，适应流动和凉爽的水的鱼做出了更多的分散决定。对膜和蛋白质的氧化损伤不会随着流动或温度处理而改变，但在适应流动和凉爽温度的动物中，抗氧化能力更强。
5. 用于评估鱼类对改变的流动状态的反应的特征特定方法通常会考虑一系列形态学和生活史特征来表征物种并预测环境变化的影响。在预测环境变化对运动的影响方面，我们在此描述的生理特征和反应可以作为对生活史特征的有用补充。考虑生理特征对传播的影响可以提高管理和恢复项目的效率。