The unique marine and terrestrial ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands are highly vulnerable to human-based drivers of change, including the introduction of invasive species, unsustainable tourism, illegal fishing, overexploitation of ecosystem services, and climate change. These drivers can interact with climate-based drivers such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at multiple temporal and spatial scales, exacerbating their negative impacts on already fragile ecosystems and the socioeconomic system of the Archipelago. In this review, we performed a literature review based on published literature from 1945 to 2020 and local and global climate databases to analyze drivers of change in the Galapagos. We developed and applied a spatial impact assessment model to identify high-ecological value areas with high sensitivity and exposure scores to environmental change drivers. We identified 13 priority HEVA that encompass ca. 23% (14,715 km²) of the Galapagos Archipelago, distributed in nearly 3% of the Galapagos Marine Reserve and 20% Galapagos National Park. Current and future impacts are likely to concentrate on the inhabited islands’ highlands, whereas marine impacts concentrate along most of the Galapagos Islands’ shorelines. These results are important for guiding the design and implementation of adaptation measures aimed at increasing ecosystem resilience and human adaptive capacity in the face of global environmental change. Overall, these results will be valuable in their application for preserving Galapagos biota, securing the provision of vital ecosystem services for resident human populations, and sustaining the nature-based tourism industry.

加拉帕戈斯群岛独特的海洋和陆地生态系统极易受到以人类为基础的变化驱动因素的影响，包括引入入侵物种，不可持续的旅游业，非法捕鱼，过度利用生态系统服务以及气候变化。这些驱动因素可以在多个时空尺度上与基于气候的驱动因素（例如厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO））相互作用，加剧了它们对群岛脆弱的生态系统和社会经济系统的负面影响。在本次审查中，我们根据1945年至2020年的公开文献以及地方和全球气候数据库进行了文献综述，以分析加拉帕戈斯群岛变化的动因。我们开发并应用了空间影响评估模型，以识别具有高敏感性和对环境变化驱动因素的暴露分数的高生态价值区域。我们确定了13个优先级的HEVA，其中包括ca。23％（14,715公里²）加拉帕戈斯群岛，分布在近3％的加拉帕戈斯海洋保护区和20％的加拉帕戈斯国家公园中。当前和未来的影响很可能集中在有人居住的岛屿的高地上，而海洋影响则集中在加拉巴哥群岛的大部分海岸线上。这些结果对于指导旨在适应全球环境变化的，提高生态系统弹性和人类适应能力的适应措施的设计和实施具有重要意义。总体而言，这些结果对于保护加拉帕戈斯生物群，确保为常住人口提供重要的生态系统服务以及维持基于自然的旅游业具有重要的价值。