This study contributes to understand the role of the civil society organizations (CSOs) for promoting the green and blue infrastructure (GBI) by studying the case of Islamabad city. Pakistan is facing severe crises of changing climate and it is ranked one of the most vulnerable countries due to climate change. Adaptation to climate change is the main strategy of Pakistan to deal with climatic impacts. Implementing the GBI plays a key role in urban areas for promoting adaptive governance towards climate change. Many efforts have been initiated to manage the issue of climate change by the national, provincial, and local governments in Pakistan. The latest and notable strategy by Pakistani government was devised in the form of the Clean Green Pakistan Strategy (CGPS) to promote the GBI as adaptation strategy to address climate change. However, there are multiple challenges and hurdles for effective implementation of the CGPS. On the heels of Paris Agreement 2015, the CSOs have growing role to overcome such challenges and to prepare the local communities in collaboration with local institutions especially in cities for advancing the GBI and tackling climate change effectively. This study is conducted to understand and uncover the role of the CSOs for promoting the GBI as adaptive strategy in dealing with climate change in Islamabad city of Pakistan. The study focuses to investigate and dig out the prominent initiatives of the CSOs towards the GBI in Pakistani governance system. It also identifies the hurdles and challenges for the CSOs in relation to promote the GBI in Pakistan. A case study approach as research methodology is employed where semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant actors in Islamabad city. The study finds that the CSOs are actively involved in promotion of the GBI in collaboration with Islamabad administration through plantation drive, educating school students on the GBI, arranging training programs for the local community, providing advocacy assistance and helping the city government for establishing policies and action plans for the GBI. The CSOs act as representative of the local community in devising the GBI policies and implementation actions at local scale through consistent engagements with the local administration and the local community in the city. The CSOs have emerged as a mediator in aligning intergovernmental relations for implementing the GBI as the CSOs are closely working with local, provincial, and federal institutions, thus they are key for all tiers of the government. The major challenges faced by the CSOs are identified: weak linkage and cooperation among local and international organizations, limited financial resources, and weak capacity of local organizations. The role of the CSOs appears in an infancy stages but it is emerging with a reasonable pace for effective adaptive governance in relation with the GBI in Pakistan.

这项研究通过研究伊斯兰堡市的案例，有助于了解民间社会组织（CSO）在促进绿色和蓝色基础设施（GBI）方面的作用。巴基斯坦正面临着气候变化的严重危机，由于气候变化，巴基斯坦被认为是最脆弱的国家之一。适应气候变化是巴基斯坦应对气候影响的主要战略。在城市地区实施GBI发挥关键作用，以促进对气候变化的适应性治理。巴基斯坦的国家，省和地方政府已为管理气候变化问题做出了许多努力。巴基斯坦政府以清洁绿色巴基斯坦战略（CGPS）的形式设计了最新且引人注目的战略，以促进GBI作为应对气候变化的适应战略。然而，有效实施CGPS存在许多挑战和障碍。紧接《 2015年巴黎协定》出台后，公民社会组织在克服此类挑战，与地方机构（尤其是在城市中）合作，为推进GBI和有效应对气候变化做好准备方面，发挥了日益重要的作用。进行这项研究的目的是了解和发现民间组织在促进GBI作为应对巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡市气候变化的适应性战略中的作用。该研究的重点是调查和挖掘民间组织在巴基斯坦治理体系中针对GBI的突出举措。它还确定了民间组织在巴基斯坦推广GBI的障碍和挑战。采用案例研究方法作为研究方法，与伊斯兰堡市的相关行为者进行了半结构化访谈。研究发现，公民社会组织与伊斯兰堡政府合作，通过种植园活动积极参与了GBI的推广，对GBI的学生进行了教育，为当地社区安排了培训计划，提供了宣传支持，并帮助了市政府制定政策和GBI的行动计划。通过与当地行政部门和城市当地社区的持续参与，公民社会组织在当地制定GBI政策和实施行动时代表当地社区。由于公民社会组织与地方，省和联邦机构密切合作，因此公民社会组织已成为调解政府间关系以实施GBI的调解人，因此它们对于各级政府都是至关重要的。确定了民间组织面临的主要挑战：地方和国际组织之间的薄弱环节和合作，有限的财政资源以及地方组织的能力薄弱。民间组织的作用似乎还处于起步阶段，但它正在以合理的步伐在与巴基斯坦的GBI相关的有效适应性治理方面以合理的步伐出现。地方组织能力薄弱。民间组织的作用似乎还处于起步阶段，但它正在以合理的步伐在与巴基斯坦的GBI相关的有效适应性治理方面以合理的步伐出现。地方组织能力薄弱。民间组织的作用似乎还处于起步阶段，但它正在以合理的步伐在与巴基斯坦的GBI相关的有效适应性治理方面以合理的步伐出现。