Homophobic name-calling and sexual violence are prevalent among US high school students and have been associated with a host of negative consequences including anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders, especially among sexual and gender minority youth. Although homophobic name-calling and sexual violence are linked to common risk and protective factors, most prior studies have failed to include gender and sexual minority groups. The present study used path analyses to explore the associations between eight protective factors and the outcomes of homophobic name-calling perpetration, homophobic name-calling victimization, sexual violence perpetration, and sexual violence victimization. The sample included LGB (n = 938), transgender (n = 140), and heterosexual (n = 3,744) high school students in Colorado, USA (N = 4,822). Protective factors included: (1) family support; (2) peer support; (3) friendships with trusted adults; (4) participating in healthy activities; (5) helping others; (6) spirituality; (7) access to counseling; and (8) access to medical services. For homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization, significant negative associations emerged across different groups for the protective factors of family support, peer support, helping others, spirituality, counseling, and medical access. For sexual violence perpetration and victimization, significant negative associations emerged across different groups for the protective factors family support, peer support, and counseling access. Findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts to address gender-based harassment should focus on building protective, supportive environments across the schools, families, and communities.

恐同性的名字呼唤和性暴力在美国高中学生中很普遍，并与许多负面后果相关，包括焦虑，抑郁和吸毒障碍，尤其是在性少数和性别少数群体的年轻人中。尽管恐同性的名字召唤和性暴力与共同的风险和保护因素有关，但大多数先前的研究未能包括性别和性少数群体。本研究使用路径分析来探索八种保护因素与恐同性叫名字行为，恐同性叫名字受害者，性暴力行为和性暴力受害者结果之间的关联。样本包括LGB（n  = 938），变性者（n  = 140）和异性恋（n = 3,744）美国科罗拉多州的高中生（N = 4,822）。保护因素包​​括：（1）家庭支持；（2）同伴支持；（3）与值得信赖的成年人的友谊；（四）参加健康活动；（五）帮助他人；（六）灵性；（7）获得咨询；（8）获得医疗服务。对于恐同性的称呼行为和受害行为，由于家庭支持，同伴支持，帮助他人，灵性，咨询和医疗服务的保护因素，不同群体之间出现了显着的消极关联。对于性暴力行为和受害，在家庭支持，同伴支持和咨询机会的保护因素之间，各个群体之间出现了显着的消极关联。调查结果表明，应对基于性别的骚扰的预防和干预措施应着重于建立保护性，