Although many aspects of orogenic gold systems are well understood, considerable debate surrounds the chemistry of the ore-forming fluids and their relevance to mineralization. This may in part relate to the lack of both regional-scale studies and a uniform approach in studying fluid inclusions in these complex and protracted hydrothermal ore systems. In order to address this problem, over 30 orogenic-type deposits covering a variety of geological settings were systematically studied using the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) protocol integrated with microthermometry in the gold-endowed Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada. A diversity of fluid inclusion types are documented (i.e., carbonic CO₂-CH₄, aqueous-carbonic, aqueous), in addition to complex textural features, in particular decrepitation clusters which are rarely reported in the literature or the deposits studied; together these data provide new insight to these ore systems. Furthermore, we note that the fluid composition is significantly affected by the proximity of carbon-rich sedimentary units which are capable of producing a carbonic-only fluid. In later stages of hydrothermal evolution, variable XCO₂ in aqueous-carbonic inclusions reflects variable degrees of fluid-rock interaction. Pressure cycling is an integral part of these systems, but petrographic evidence of in situ fluid unmixing is lacking, and cannot be accounted for gold mineralization. Vein-style gold is not related to fluid chemistry and, where best constrained with petrography (i.e., visible Au near fluid inclusions), P-T estimates based on fluid inclusion microthermometry link the mineralization to the later, low-pressure (<1.5 kbar) stages of deposit evolution. Accordingly, gold is coeval with quartz vein formation in epizonal deposits whereas it postdates quartz in the ore dominant mesozonal ore systems.

尽管对造山金系统的许多方面都已广为人知，但围绕成矿流体的化学性质及其与矿化的关系，仍存在很多争论。这可能部分与缺乏区域规模的研究以及缺乏在这些复杂而旷日持久的热液矿石系统中研究流体包裹体的统一方法有关。为了解决这个问题，在加拿大拥有金矿的Abitibi绿岩带中，利用流体包裹体组合（FIA）方案与微热测量相结合，系统地研究了覆盖各种地质环境的30多个造山型矿床。记录了多种流体包裹体类型（即，二氧化碳CO ₂ -CH ₄，碳酸盐，水性），以及复杂的纹理特征，尤其是在文献或所研究矿床中很少报道的爆破星团；这些数据一起为这些矿石系统提供了新的见识。此外，我们注意到，流体成分受到能够产生仅含碳流体的富碳沉积单元附近的影响。在热液演化的后期，可变的XCO ₂含水碳包裹体中的碳氢化合物反映了流体-岩石相互作用的程度不同。压力循环是这些系统不可或缺的一部分，但是缺乏原位流体分解的岩石学证据，不能解释金矿化的原因。静脉型金与流体化学无关，在岩石学（例如，流体包裹体附近可见金）的限制最大的情况下，基于流体包裹体热计量法的PT估算将矿化作用与后期的低压（<1.5 kbar）阶段联系在一起存款演变。因此，金与表层带沉积物中的石英脉形成同时出现，而它在矿石占主导地位的中层带矿石系统中却晚于石英。