Citrate sol–gel method has been employed for synthesis of Zn_1˗x˗yMn_xCr_yO nanomaterials. Binary Zn_0.9Mn_0.1O and Zn_0.9Cr_0.1O nanomaterials were prepared and their optical and magnetic properties were investigated as reference compositions for the individual behavior of both of Mn- and Cr doping, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. For low Mn–Cr-codoping contents, i.e., 2 and 4%, XRD revealed formation of single-phase ZnO nanoparticles in the wurtzite type hexagonal lattice, whereas 10% doping concentration, either Mn- or Cr-single doping or codoping, resulted in formation of wurtzite ZnO as a major phase with ZnMnO₃ or/and ZnCr₂O₄ secondary phases. From XRD and HRTEM, the produced nanomaterials have average crystallite sizes ranged from 15 to 35 nm. Applying Kubelka–Munk function, optical band gap energy (E_opt) was determined. E_opt of single Mn- and Cr-doped ZnO increased than that of bulk ZnO mainly due to Burstein–Moss effect, whereas it decreased in the codoped Zn_1−x−yMn_xCr_yO because of the negative and positive corrections in the conduction and valence band, respectively, brought about by alteration of the sp–d exchange interactions between the band electrons and the localized d-electrons of the Mn²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions. Magnetization measurements indicated that Cr induced the paramagnetism, while Mn induced the RT ferromagnetism in the synthesized Zn_1−x−yMn_xCr_yO nanoparticles. The ferromagnetic Zn_1−x−yMn_xCr_yO compositions could be potential candidates for Mn–Cr-codoped ZnO-based DMS nanoparticles.

柠檬酸盐的溶胶-凝胶法已经用于锌的合成_{1˗ X ˗ ý}锰_X的Cr _ý Ò纳米材料。二元Zn _0.9 Mn _0.1 O和Zn _0.9 Cr _0.1制备了O纳米材料，并研究了它们的光学和磁学性质，分别作为Mn和Cr掺杂各自行为的参考组成。使用X射线衍射（XRD），高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HRTEM），紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱和振动样品磁力计对合成的纳米颗粒进行了分析。对于低的Mn-Cr掺杂含量（即2％和4％），XRD显示在纤锌矿型六方晶格中形成了单相ZnO纳米颗粒，而Mn或Cr单掺杂或共掺杂的掺杂浓度为10％。 ZnMnO ₃或/和ZnCr ₂ O ₄形成纤锌矿型ZnO为主相的过程次要阶段。根据XRD和HRTEM，所生产的纳米材料的平均微晶尺寸为15至35 nm。应用Kubelka–Munk函数，确定了光学带隙能量（E _opt）。Mn和Cr掺杂的单个ZnO的E _opt高于块状ZnO的E _opt，主要是由于Burstein-Moss效应，而共掺杂的Zn _{1- x - y} Mn _x Cr _y O的E _opt降低，因为导带和价带分别是由能带电子和局域d之间的sp - d交换相互作用的改变引起的-Mn ²⁺和Cr ³⁺离子的电子。磁化测量表明，在合成的Zn _{1- x - y} Mn _x Cr _y O纳米颗粒中，Cr引起顺磁性，而Mn引起RT铁磁性。铁磁性Zn _{1- x - y} Mn _x Cr _y O的组成可能是Mn-Cr共掺杂的ZnO基DMS纳米粒子的潜在候选物。