Light pollution, a phenomenon in which artificial nighttime light (NTL) changes the form of brightness and darkness in natural areas such as protected areas (PAs), has become a global concern due to its threat to global biodiversity. With ongoing global urbanization and climate change, the light pollution status in global PAs deserves attention for mitigation and adaptation. In this study, we developed a framework to evaluate the light pollution status in global PAs, using the global NTL time series data. First, we classified global PAs (30,624) into three pollution categories: non-polluted (5974), continuously polluted (8141), and discontinuously polluted (16,509), according to the time of occurrence of lit pixels in/around PAs from 1992 to 2018. Then, we explored the NTL intensity (e.g., digital numbers) and its trend in those polluted PAs and identified those hotspots of PAs at the global scale with consideration of global urbanization. Our study shows that global light pollution is mainly distributed within the range of 30°N and 60°N, including Europe, north America, and East Asia. Although the temporal trend of NTL intensity in global PAs is increasing, Japan and the United States of America (USA) have opposite trends due to the implementation of well-planned ecological conservation policies and declining population growth. For most polluted PAs, the lit pixels are close to their boundaries (i.e., less than 10 km), and the NTL in/around these lit areas has become stronger over the past decades. The identified hotspots of PAs (e.g., Europe, the USA, and East Asia) help support decisions on global biodiversity conservation, particularly with global urbanization and climate change.

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1992年至2018年全球保护区的光污染评估

光污染是一种人造夜间光（NTL）改变自然区（例如保护区（PAs））中明暗形式的现象，由于其对全球生物多样性的威胁，已成为全球关注的问题。随着全球城市化和气候变化的持续发展，全球PAs中的光污染状况值得缓解和适应。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个框架，可以使用全球NTL时间序列数据评估全球PA中的光污染状况。首先，根据1992年至2004年间PA周围/周围的像素点出现的时间，我们将全球PA（30,624）分为三类污染：非污染（5974），连续污染（8141）和间断污染（16,509）。 2018年。然后，我们探索了NTL强度（例如，数字化数字）及其在受污染的PA中的趋势，并在考虑到全球城市化的情况下确定了全球范围内PA的热点。我们的研究表明，全球光污染主要分布在30°N和60°N范围内，包括欧洲，北美和东亚。尽管全球保护区中NTL强度的时间趋势正在增加，但由于实施了精心计划的生态保护政策以及人口增长下降，日本和美利坚合众国（美国）却出现了相反的趋势。对于大多数受污染的PA，点亮的像素接近其边界（即小于10 km），并且在过去几十年中，这些点亮区域中/周围的NTL变得更强。确定的保护区热点（例如，欧洲，美国和东亚）有助于支持有关全球生物多样性保护的决策，