Cyathostomins are a multispecies parasite ubiquitous in Equids. Cyathostomins have developed resistance to all but one class of anthelmintics, but species-level sensitivity to anthelmintics has not been shown. This study measured reinfection rates of cyathostomin species following the administration of three commercial dewormers. Nine treated horses were compared with 90 untreated controls during June-September 2017–2019. Ivermectin (IVM) (n = 6), Moxidectin (MOX) (n = 8) or Pyrantel (PYR) (n = 8) were orally administered. Fecal samples were collected every 14 d for 98 d. Fecal egg count reductions (FECR) were calculated using a modified McMaster technique. Nineteen cyathostomin species were identified by 5.8S-ITS-2 profiling using amplicon sequencing. Data were analyzed in QIIME1 and R statistical software using presence/absence methods. MOX had the lowest numbers of species present over the time course, followed by PYR then IVM (7.14, 10.17, 11.09, respectively); however, FECR was fastest for PYR. The presence of seven species: Coronocyclus labiatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum tetracanthum, Cylicocylus elongatus, Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus, Cylicostephanus minutus, and Cylicostephanus goldi were unaffected by treatment (p > 0.05) points to species-specific differences in dewormer sensitivity and environmental persistence. Identifying resistance patterns at the species level will enable mechanistic understandings of cyathostomin anthelmintic resistance and targeted approaches to control them.

中文翻译：

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分子分析跟踪杀虫剂给药后矢车菊物种的马再感染率。

Cyathostomins是Equids中普遍存在的多物种寄生虫。Cytohostomins已发展出对除一类驱虫药之外的所有药物的抗药性，但尚未显示出对驱虫药的物种水平敏感性。这项研究测量了施用三种商业驱虫剂后犬牙甲藻种的再感染率。在2017年6月至9月期间，将9匹治疗过的马与90例未经治疗的对照进行了比较。口服伊维菌素（IVM）（n = 6），莫昔克丁（MOX）（n = 8）或吡喃酮（PYR）（n = 8）。每14天收集一次粪便样本，共98天。使用改良的McMaster技术计算粪便卵数减少量（FECR）。使用扩增子测序，通过5.8S-ITS-2谱图鉴定了19种泛藻毒素。使用存在/不存在方法在QIIME1和R统计软件中分析数据。在整个时间过程中，MOX的物种数量最少，其次是PYR，然后是IVM（分别为7.14、10.17和11.09）；但是，FECR对于PYR最快。存在七种：Coronocyclus labiatus，Cyathostomum catinatum，Cyathostomum tetracanthum，Cylicocylus longongus，Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus，Cylicostephanus minutus和Cylicostephanus goldi均不受治疗影响（p > 0.05），这表明在驱虫敏感性和环境持久性方面存在物种特异性差异。在物种水平上识别抗药性模式，将使人们对盾索螨驱虫药抗性有机械的了解，并有针对性地控制它们。