A stable and efficient cooling and heat dissipation system of lithium battery pack is very important for electric vehicles. The temperature uniformity design of the battery packs has become essential. In this paper, an optimization design framework is proposed to minimize the maximum temperature difference (MTD) of automotive lithium battery pack. Firstly, the cooling channels of two cooling and heat dissipation structures are analyzed: serpentine cooling channel and U-shaped cooling channel. The results show that the serpentine cooling channel has better cooling effect. Secondly, the adaptive ensemble of surrogate models based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to aid the optimization design of the serpentine cooling channel. The results show that the maximum temperature difference of the optimized scheme is reduced by 7.49% compared with the initial scheme, and the temperature field distribution of the lithium battery pack is more uniform. The proposed optimization design framework has certain guiding significance for the liquid cooling design of the battery packs.

锂电池组的稳定高效的散热和散热系统对于电动汽车非常重要。电池组的温度均匀性设计已变得至关重要。本文提出了一种优化设计框架，以最小化汽车锂电池组的最大温差（MTD）。首先，分析了两个散热和散热结构的冷却通道：蛇形冷却通道和U形冷却通道。结果表明，蛇形冷却通道具有较好的冷却效果。其次，提出了一种基于改进的粒子群优化算法的代理模型自适应集成，以辅助设计蛇形冷却通道。结果表明，与初始方案相比，优化方案的最大温差降低了7.49％，锂电池组的温度场分布更加均匀。提出的优化设计框架对电池组的液体冷却设计具有一定的指导意义。