This study firstly applies ant colony algorithm to optimize the classification index formulas and comprehensive index formulas related to the environmental benefits of ecological mining areas and builds an environmental benefits evaluation model. Then taking the ecological mining area of China Pingmei Shenma Energy Chemical Group as an example, the simulation software MATLAB is used to evaluate the environmental benefits from four aspects: system structure, resource utilization, environmental effects and economic results, thus the environmental benefits grades of the mining area before and after ecological construction are confirmed. With this research, the author’s endeavor is to provide a new objective evaluation method to check if the construction of ecological mining areas can realize the goal of coordinated development of economy, society and environment of coal industry.