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The effect of concentration on particle settling in the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia
Continental Shelf Research ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2021.104448
B.A. Law , T.G. Milligan , P.S. Hill , G.L. Bugden

In the hyper-tidal Minas Basin located in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, the concentration of total suspended matter increases by an order of magnitude in winter as material from the expansive tidal flats is remobilized and storms increase cliff erosion. Tripods with a digital floc camera, LISST 100X Type B, optical backscatter sensors, settling velocity camera, ADCP and an in-situ water filtration system were deployed during winter and summer conditions to examine how this variation in concentration affects particle packaging and settling. In winter, the higher concentration leads to rapid formation of large, low density flocs with lower settling velocities during the brief periods of low stress between ebb and flood. In summer, the material in suspension is dominated by small aggregates with higher excess densities and higher settling velocities. After a 70 mm rainfall event, flocs with lower density, and lower settling velocities appear again. Flocculation rate increases with concentration leading to the rapid formation of flocs in winter. However, stresses are high, so sediment remains mobile in winter. In the transition from winter to summer concentration is initially high, floc formation and settling is rapid, and wave energy is reduced allowing material to accumulate on the flats. In summer, the concentration of the sediment remaining in suspension is too low for flocs to form and aggregates dominate the population of particles suspended by the tide. Only when an input of new sediment occurs do new flocs form.



中文翻译:

浓度对新斯科舍省米纳斯盆地颗粒沉降的影响

在位于加拿大芬迪湾上游的超潮米纳斯盆地,随着来自膨胀的潮滩的物质被迁移以及风暴增加了悬崖侵蚀,冬季总悬浮物的浓度增加了一个数量级。在冬季和夏季,部署了带有数字絮凝照相机,LISST 100X B型,光学反向散射传感器,沉降速度照相机,ADCP和原位水过滤系统的三脚架,以检查浓度变化如何影响颗粒包装和沉降。在冬季,较高的浓度会导致在潮起潮落之间短暂的低应力时期,迅速形成大型的低密度絮凝物,且沉降速度较低。在夏天,悬浮物中的材料主要是具有较高过剩密度和较高沉降速度的小聚集体。在发生了70毫米的降雨事件之后,又出现了密度较低,沉降速度较低的絮凝物。絮凝速率随浓度增加而增加,导致冬季絮凝物迅速形成。但是,压力很高,因此冬天沉积物仍然可以流动。在从冬季到夏季的过渡期,最初的浓度很高,絮凝物的形成和沉降很快,并且波能减少了,从而使物料积聚在公寓内。在夏季,悬浮液中残留的沉积物浓度太低,无法形成絮凝物,并且聚集体主导了被潮汐悬浮的颗粒群。只有当出现新的沉积物输入时,才会形成新的絮凝物。和较低的沉降速度再次出现。絮凝速率随浓度增加而增加,导致冬季絮凝物迅速形成。但是,压力很高,因此冬天沉积物仍然可以流动。在从冬季到夏季的过渡期,最初的浓度很高,絮凝物的形成和沉降很快,并且波能减少了,从而使物料积聚在公寓内。在夏季,悬浮液中残留的沉积物浓度太低,无法形成絮凝物,并且聚集体主导了被潮汐悬浮的颗粒群。只有当出现新的沉积物输入时,才会形成新的絮凝物。和较低的沉降速度再次出现。絮凝速率随浓度增加而增加,导致冬季絮凝物迅速形成。但是,压力很高,因此冬天沉积物仍然可以流动。在从冬季到夏季的过渡期,最初的浓度很高,絮凝物的形成和沉降很快,并且波能减少了,从而使物料积聚在公寓内。在夏季,悬浮液中残留的沉积物浓度太低,无法形成絮凝物,并且聚集体主导了被潮汐悬浮的颗粒群。只有当出现新的沉积物输入时,才会形成新的絮凝物。在从冬季到夏季的过渡期,最初的浓度很高,絮凝物的形成和沉降很快,并且波能减少了,从而使物料积聚在公寓内。在夏季,悬浮液中残留的沉积物浓度太低,无法形成絮凝物,并且聚集体主导了被潮汐悬浮的颗粒群。只有当出现新的沉积物输入时,才会形成新的絮凝物。在从冬季到夏季的过渡期,最初的浓度很高,絮凝物的形成和沉降很快,并且波能减少了,从而使物料积聚在公寓内。在夏季,悬浮液中残留的沉积物浓度太低,无法形成絮凝物,并且聚集体主导了被潮汐悬浮的颗粒群。只有当出现新的沉积物输入时,才会形成新的絮凝物。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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