Forests are a critical component of biodiversity and are essential for a wide range of ecosystem services. There is a rapid and alarming decline of biodiversity worldwide. Indonesian biodiversity, in particular, is increasingly under serious threat of environmental degradation as a result of the prevalence of criminal activities such as deforestation, poaching, illegal wildlife trade, and forest fires. The occurrence of deforestation in Indonesia can be primarily attributed to two main factors: forest conversion into oil palm plantation and wood fiber plantation. This article examines the adequacy of the legal framework in Indonesia in addressing biodiversity loss, the challenges it experiences and any prospects for the implementation of biodiversity laws and policies. This examination will be undertaken through the theoretical frameworks of the ecosystem approach, and political ecology. It is concluded that the effectiveness of legislation related to biodiversity conservation is hindered by top-down approaches and the political and economic structural legacies of previous governments which tend to favour economic development at the expense of adequate biodiversity protection. To address the complex problems of biodiversity protection, Indonesia not only needs stronger legislation in protecting biodiversity, but must address other factors that hinder the effectiveness of efforts to protect biodiversity. In addition, despite the current prospect of initiatives and policy reforms aimed at reducing deforestation and forest degradation since the implementation of REDD+, each initiative has practical, financial and legal limits. Therefore, it is suggested that the effective coordination of each strategy is needed. Particularly at the local level, the capacity of the community to be engaged in conservation and the ability of the government to implement and effectively enforce biodiversity laws has proven challenging and needs to be addressed.

森林是生物多样性的重要组成部分，对广泛的生态系统服务必不可少。全球生物多样性迅速而令人震惊地下降。尤其是由于森林砍伐，偷猎，非法野生动植物贸易和森林大火等犯罪活动的普遍存在，印度尼西亚的生物多样性正日益受到环境退化的严重威胁。印度尼西亚森林砍伐的发生主要归因于两个主要因素：将森林转化为油棕种植园和木纤维种植园。本文研究了印度尼西亚法律框架在解决生物多样性丧失方面的适当性，它所面临的挑战以及执行生物多样性法律和政策的任何前景。该检查将通过生态系统方法和政治生态学的理论框架进行。结论是，自上而下的方法以及前任政府的政治和经济结构遗产阻碍了与生物多样性保护有关的立法的有效性，这些政府倾向于以牺牲适当的生物多样性保护为代价的经济发展。为了解决生物多样性保护的复杂问题，印度尼西亚不仅需要更强有力的立法来保护生物多样性，而且必须解决其他阻碍保护生物多样性的努力的有效性的因素。此外，尽管自REDD +实施以来，目前有旨在减少森林砍伐和森林退化的倡议和政策改革的前景，但每一项倡议都具有实际意义，财务和法律限制。因此，建议需要对每种策略进行有效的协调。特别是在地方一级，事实证明，社区从事保护工作的能力以及政府执行和有效执行生物多样性法律的能力具有挑战性，需要加以解决。