The application of academic freedom may lead to a violation of individual rights, such as the right to respect private life or institutional rights such as university autonomy, or the right of the religious community to self-determination. These collisions between rights are resolved by constitutional courts either according to the proportionality test or by balancing the rights. This paper investigates cases from Czechia, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain, where academic freedom collided with other constitutional rights, in order to determine methods for resolving these types of conflicts. This analysis demonstrates the way in which proportionality allows the construction of the content of academic freedom. It also shows the reasons why academic freedom could become a weak right and why sometimes it is a strong right.

实行学术自由可能会导致侵犯个人权利，例如尊重私生活的权利或诸如大学自治等机构权利，或宗教团体的自决权利。权利法院之间的这些冲突是由宪法法院根据比例测试或通过平衡权利来解决的。本文调查了来自捷克，德国，意大利，波兰和西班牙的学术自由与其他宪法权利相抵触的案件，以确定解决这些类型冲突的方法。该分析表明了比例性允许建构学术自由的内容的方式。这也说明了为什么学术自由会成为一项弱项权利，以及为什么有时它是一项强项权利的原因。