This study concerns an application of spongin-based scaffolds of commercial sponge origin as a naturally structured precursor of carbon material. Further functionalization with cobalt via a simple sorption-reduction method resulted in the preparation of novel catalysts tested in oxidation-reduction reactions. The structure and chemical composition of the prepared materials were investigated in detail, demonstrating the presence of carbonized fibres tightly covered with a metal-containing phase mainly composed of Co₃O₄. The fibrous structure with open porous canals provides good accessibility for substrates to the surface of the catalysts. Biocarbon material obtained at 600 °C exhibited good catalytic ability in the oxidation of styrene (with high selectivity for the formation of styrene oxide) and rhodamine B compared with other prepared catalysts and biocarbons. Interestingly, all of the prepared materials exhibit favourable activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. A reusability study showed good activity even after the fifth catalytic cycle in both oxidation and reduction reactions. The study proved the adaptability of spongin-based scaffolds to prepare biocarbons with high potential to be used as a support for various catalytic applications.

这项研究涉及商业海绵来源的海绵基支架作为碳材料的天然结构前体的应用。通过简单的吸附-还原方法用钴进一步官能化导致制备了在氧化还原反应中测试的新型催化剂。详细研究了所制备材料的结构和化学组成，表明存在被主要由Co ₃ O ₄组成的含金属相紧密覆盖的碳化纤维的存在。。带有开放式多孔管的纤维结构为底物提供了良好的触及催化剂表面的通道。与其他制备的催化剂和生物碳相比，在600°C下获得的生物碳材料在苯乙烯（对形成氧化苯乙烯的选择性高）和罗丹明B的氧化中表现出良好的催化能力。有趣的是，所有制备的材料在还原4-硝基苯酚中均表现出有利的活性。可重用性研究显示，即使在氧化和还原反应的第五个催化循环之后，也具有良好的活性。该研究证明了海绵基支架制备具有高潜力的生物碳的适应性，可将其用作各种催化应用的载体。