This paper focuses on the study of environmental risk assessment and comprehensive index model of disaster loss for COVID-19 transmission. Considering the five environmental vectors of carrier vulnerability, environmental instability of pregnancy and disaster, intensity of disaster-causing factors, disaster prevention and mitigation capacity and emergency prevention and control capacity and its 38 indicators, the correlation coefficient matrix and principal component expressions of each vector are established by principal component analysis, respectively, and the index model of each vector is established on the basis. Then, considering the index models of these five vectors, we established the disaster loss composite index model, which was used to conduct environmental risk assessment and disaster loss composite index analysis of the transmission of COVID-19 in Hubei Province during the period of January 21, 2020 to March 18, 2020. The empirical study showed that: (1) the risk index peaked from January 21 to January 23; (2) the risk index was at a low but volatile level from January 24 to March 14; (3) the risk index rose again slightly from March 15 and rose to another peak on March 16. These fluctuating, smooth and fluctuating processes of the comprehensive index of disaster losses of COVID-19 in Hubei Province are basically stable and consistent with the actual situation of the virus outbreak in the early stage, isolation and prevention and control in the middle stage, and resumption of work and production in the late stage. The study in this paper provides a scientific decision-making reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 as well as emergency prevention and control measures.

本文重点研究COVID-19传播的环境风险评估和灾害损失综合指数模型。考虑载体脆弱性、妊娠与灾害环境不稳定性、致灾因素强度、防灾减灾能力、应急防控能力5个环境向量及其38个指标，得到各向量的相关系数矩阵和主成分表达式分别通过主成分分析建立了各向量的指标模型。然后，考虑这五个向量的指数模型，建立了灾害损失综合指数模型，用于对1月21日期间湖北省COVID-19传播进行环境风险评估和灾害损失综合指数分析2020年至2020年3月18日。实证研究表明：（1）1月21日至1月23日风险指数达到峰值； （二）1月24日至3月14日风险指数处于低位震荡； （3）风险指数从3月15日起再次小幅上升，并于3月16日再次升至峰值。湖北省COVID-19灾害损失综合指数这些波动、平稳、波动的过程基本稳定，与实际情况相符。前期疫情爆发、中期隔离防控、后期复工复产情况。本文研究为COVID-19的防控以及应急防控措施提供科学决策参考。