What is the legacy of war, violence, and displacement on altruism toward diverse populations suffering similar hardships today? Prior research suggests these hardships have the potential to increase empathy that can in turn motivate altruism across identity boundaries. We test this hypothesis using survey data collected in 2017 from over 2,000 Syrians living in rebel-held regions where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) sought refuge. We find that Syrians previously exposed to violence were more likely to host IDPs. Using a conjoint experiment to measure hosting preferences over different types of IDPs, we show that these individuals also preferred to host sick and vulnerable IDPs and outgroup IDPs from the Kurdish ethnic minority. However, they were less likely to host IDPs from the Christian minority, possibly due to their association with the government. These results suggest that empathy and politics both play an important role in shaping the relationship between violence, altruism, and intergroup behavior during conflict.

战争，暴力和利他主义对今天遭受类似苦难的不同人群的流离失所留下了什么？先前的研究表明，这些困难有可能增加同情心，从而反过来会激发跨越身份边界的利他主义。我们使用2017年从生活在叛军控制地区的2,000多名叙利亚人收集的调查数据中检验了这一假设，该地区有许多国内流离失所者寻求庇护。我们发现，以前遭受暴力侵害的叙利亚人更有可能成为国内流离失所者。使用联合实验来衡量对不同类型的国内流离失所者的寄宿偏好，我们表明，这些人也更愿意接受患病和脆弱的国内流离失所者以及来自库尔德少数民族的外向国内流离失所者。但是，他们不太可能接待来自基督教少数群体的国内流离失所者，可能是由于他们与政府的联系。这些结果表明，移情和政治都在塑造冲突期间暴力，利他主义和群体间行为之间的关系方面发挥着重要作用。