Enhancing agricultural productivity through the adoption of improved technologies presents a credible pathway to economic development and poverty reduction especially through increased commercialisation of production. We used a triple hurdle (TH) model to estimate the production and commercialisation of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. In doing so, we account for the adoption of improved Cicer arietinum (chickpea) varieties on commercialisation using a three-wave panel data set. We estimate a correlated random effect model with a control function and find the adoption of improved chickpea to have a significant positive effect on smallholder commercialisation. Our findings that are robust over different specifications and identification strategies also support the role of transaction cost in driving market participation (MP). Finally, we argue that the TH model is a better fit to the commonly used double hurdle model for MP, when not all households in a population produce a particular crop.

中文翻译：

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商业化的三个障碍：将自给鹰嘴豆生产者纳入市场经济

通过采用改进的技术来提高农业生产力为经济发展和减贫提供了一条可靠的途径，尤其是通过提高生产的商业化程度。我们使用三重障碍 (TH) 模型来估计埃塞俄比亚小农的生产和商业化。在此过程中，我们使用三波面板数据集说明了在商业化方面采用改良的 Cicer arietinum（鹰嘴豆）品种。我们估计了一个具有控制功能的相关随机效应模型，并发现采用改良鹰嘴豆对小农商业化具有显着的积极影响。我们的发现在不同的规范和识别策略上是稳健的，也支持交易成本在推动市场参与 (MP) 中的作用。最后，