This study aimed to synthesize and characterize graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles and study the spectral, microbiological, and mechanical analysis of GO in two types of resin adhesives bonded to two-piece zirconia abutments. GO was synthesized and the nanoparticles were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four experimental groups were formed based on weight percentage (0.25 wt% and 0.5 wt%) of GO added in conventional chemically activated resin cement and the other two groups with dual-cure cement. Two non-modified adhesive groups served as the control groups. Sixty sets of zirconia abutments cemented to screwed titanium bases of implants analogs were divided into 6 groups. Spectral analysis and degree of conversion (DC) were performed using micro-Raman and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Bacterial viability was studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoli-umbromide (MTT) assay over the implant. On SEM analysis, GO (thickness of 1–2 nm thick flakes) nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed throughout the adhesive matrix. Raman and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of D and G bands. Implant specimens treated with 0.5 wt% GO-modified dual-cure adhesive demonstrated the lowest mean score of DC (38.75 ± 6.37). After 1 day and 30 days of incubation with dental adhesives, 0.5 wt% GO-modified chemically activated adhesive specimens showed high antibacterial activity; only 23% and 30% of Streptococcus mutans were able to survive after treating with 0.5 wt% GO-modified chemically activated adhesive, respectively. In conclusion, incorporation of 0.5 wt% of GO in both chemically activated and dual-cure adhesive produced superior antimicrobial and physical characteristics for bonding two-piece zirconia abutments to screwed titanium bases.

本研究旨在合成和表征氧化石墨烯 (GO) 纳米粒子，并研究 GO 在两种类型的树脂粘合剂中的光谱、微生物学和力学分析，这些粘合剂粘合到两件式氧化锆基台上。合成了 GO，并使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对纳米颗粒进行了表征。4个实验组基于重量百分比（0.25形成 重量％和0.5 重量%) GO 添加到常规化学活化树脂水泥中，另外两组添加双固化水泥。两个未改性的粘合剂组作为对照组。将 60 套与种植体类似物的螺纹钛基底粘接的氧化锆基台被分成 6 组。使用微拉曼和傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 进行光谱分析和转化度 (DC)。使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑 - 溴化物 (MTT) 测定在植入物上研究细菌活力。在 SEM 分析中，GO（厚度为 1-2 nm 的薄片）纳米颗粒均匀地分散在整个粘合剂基质中。拉曼和 FTIR 分析证实了 D 和 G 波段的存在。用 0.5 wt%处理的种植体标本 GO 改性双固化粘合剂的 DC 平均得分最低 (38.75 ± 6.37)。与牙科粘合剂孵育1天和30天后，0.5  wt% GO修饰的化学活化粘合剂样品显示出较高的抗菌活性；分别只有 23% 和 30% 的变形链球菌在用 0.5 wt% GO 改性的化学活化粘合剂处理后能够存活 。总之，在化学活化和双固化粘合剂中加入 0.5  wt%的 GO 产生了优异的抗菌和物理特性，用于将两件式氧化锆基台粘合到螺纹钛基台上。