A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron-specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP-inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.

中文翻译：

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犬前列腺癌的组织学和免疫组化研究以及常见导管内癌成分的鉴定

包括男性和狗在内的少数物种会自发发展为前列腺癌 (PC)。犬 PC 作为男性疾病模型的组织学和分子相关性仍然存在争议。为了应对这一挑战，本研究旨在评估犬 PC 中基底细胞、尿路上皮和神经内分泌标志物 [p63、高分子量细胞角蛋白 (HMWCK)、Uroplakin 3 (UPIII)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)] 的组织形态学和表达( n = 41)。根据组织形态学，10/41 (24%)、21/41 (51%) 和 9/41 (22%) 分别分类为腺癌 (AC)、尿路上皮癌 (UC) 和混合癌。肿瘤炎症很常见，通常很严重 [20/41 (49%)]，并且与绝育 (p < .02) 和尿路上皮分化 (p < .02) 相关。大多数 (36/40, 90%) 癌症仅包含具有基底细胞标志物表达的稀有细胞或为阴性。大多数（33/38, 87％）肿瘤中UPIII的表达不存在或较弱，其余病例中有中度至强染色。PC 中的 NSE 表达很少见，仅限于 2/14 (14%) 例。肿瘤向良性导管和腺体扩展是常见的发现，17/39 (44%) 的癌症存在或不伴有尿路上皮分化。综上所述，我们确认犬 PC 的特征是基底细胞和尿路上皮标志物的缺失或弱表达。虽然罕见，但 NSE 表达可能表明神经内分泌分化，这是首次在犬 PCa 中报道。前列腺导管内癌并发侵袭性 PCa (IDCP-inv) 在患有 PC 的狗中是一种常见的，以前没有描述过的发现。