The synergistic integration of bio-catalysis engineering with nanostructured materials, as unique multifunctional carrier matrices, has emerged as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis (NBC). NBC is an emerging innovation that offers significant considerations to expand the designing and fabrication of robust catalysts at the nanoscale with improved catalytic characteristics for multipurpose bioprocessing applications. In addition, nanostructured materials with unique structural, physical, chemical, and functional entities have manifested significant contributions in mimicking the enzyme microenvironment. A fine-tuned enzyme microenvironment with an added-value of NBC offers chemo- regio- and stereo- selectivities and specificities. Furthermore, NBC is growing rapidly and will become a powerful norm in bio-catalysis with much controlled features, such as selectivity, specificity, stability, resistivity, induce activity, reaction efficacy, multi-usability, improved mass transfer efficiency, high catalytic turnover, optimal yield, ease in recovery, and cost-effectiveness. Considering the above critics and unique structural, physicochemical, and functional attributes, herein, we present and discuss advances in NBC and its bioprocessing applications in different fields. Briefly, this review is focused on four parts, i.e., (1) NBC as a drive towards applied nanobiocatalysts (as an introduction with opportunities), (2) promising nanocarriers to develop nanobiocatalysts, (3) applications in the fields of biotransformation, biofuel production, carbohydrate hydrolysis, bio−/nanosensing, detergent formulations, and extraction and purification of value-added compounds, and (4) current challenges, concluding remarks, and future trends.

生物催化工程与纳米结构材料的协同整合，作为独特的多功能载体基质，已成为纳米生物催化（NBC）的新界面。NBC 是一项新兴创新，它提供了重要的考虑因素，以扩展纳米级稳健催化剂的设计和制造，并为多用途生物加工应用提供改进的催化特性。此外，具有独特结构、物理、化学和功能实体的纳米结构材料在模拟酶微环境方面表现出显着贡献。具有 NBC 附加值的微调酶微环境提供化学区域和立体选择性和特异性。此外，NBC 正在迅速增长，并将成为具有许多受控特征的生物催化领域的强大规范，例如选择性、特异性、稳定性、电阻率、诱导活性、反应效力、多用途、提高的传质效率、高催化转化率、最佳产率、易于回收和成本效益。考虑到上述批评和独特的结构、物理化学和功能属性，我们在此介绍和讨论 NBC 及其在不同领域的生物加工应用的进展。简而言之，这篇综述集中在四个部分，即（1）NBC 作为应用纳米生物催化剂的驱动（作为介绍机会），（2）有前途的纳米载体来开发纳米生物催化剂，（3）在生物转化、生物燃料领域的应用生产、碳水化合物水解、生物/纳米传感、洗涤剂配方以及增值化合物的提取和纯化，以及 (4) 当前的挑战，