Geometry of the frames used in a photovoltaic (PV) module affects the fluid flow and heat transfer around the system. As a method of passive cooling, various perforation patterns are introduced into the aluminum frame of a PV module, and the resulting flow field, temperature distribution, and power output are investigated in the present study. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed in the cases of forced (wind velocity of 4 m/s) and natural convection (zero wind velocity). After comparing two types of conventional frames with a frameless module, different perforation patterns are utilized and the resulting flow field and heat transfer distributions are carefully investigated for the equivalent heat flux value of 600 W/m². Results show that perforations are effective in case of natural convection, in which a 3.8 K temperature drop is observed in the best case. However, the average PV temperature is almost the same in forced convection. Finally, two selected designs are studied in different typical weather conditions. As a result, the frame with 10 mm circular perforations on all sides achieves a 0.62% improvement in power generation in the temperate climate and zero wind velocity compared to the panel with a conventional frame.

光伏（PV）模块中使用的框架的几何形状会影响系统周围的流体流动和热传递。作为被动冷却的一种方法，将各种穿孔图案引入光伏组件的铝框架中，并在本研究中研究由此产生的流场，温度分布和功率输出。在强制（风速为4 m / s）和自然对流（零风速）的情况下，执行三维计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟。在将两种类型的常规框架与无框架模块进行比较之后，利用了不同的穿孔方式，并仔细研究了当量热通量为600 W / m ^2时产生的流场和传热分布。。结果表明，在自然对流的情况下，穿孔是有效的，在最佳情况下，观察到温度下降了3.8K。但是，在强制对流条件下，平均PV温度几乎相同。最后，在不同的典型天气条件下研究了两个选定的设计。结果，与具有传统框架的面板相比，在所有侧面具有10毫米圆形穿孔的框架在温带气候和零风速下的发电量提高了0.62％。