Digital 3D capture and reliable reproduction of architectural features is the first and most difficult step towards defining a heritage BIM. Three-dimensional digital survey technologies, such as TLS and photogrammetry, enable experts to scan buildings with a new level of detail. Challenges in the tracing of parametric objects in a TLS point cloud include the reconstruction of occluded parts, measurement of uncertainties relevant to surface reflectivity, and edge detection and location. In addition to image-based techniques being considered cost effective, highly flexible, and efficient in producing a high-quality 3D textured model, they also provide a better interpretation of surface linear characteristics. This article addresses an architecture survey workflow using photogrammetry and TLS to optimize a point cloud that is sufficient for a reliable HBIM. Fusion-based workflows were proposed during the recording of two heritage sites—the Matbouli House Museum in Historic Jeddah, a UNESCO World Heritage Site; and Asfan Castle. In the Matbouli House Museum building, which is rich with complex architectural features, multi-sensor recording was implemented at different resolutions and levels of detail. The TLS data were used to reconstruct the basic shape of the main structural elements, while the imagery’s superior radiometric data and accessibility were effectively used to enhance the TLS point clouds for improving the geometry, data interpretation, and parametric tracing of irregular objects in the facade. Furthermore, in the workflow that is considered to be the ragged terrain of the Castle of Asfan, here, the TLS point cloud was supplemented with UAV data in the upper building zones where the shadow data originated. Both datasets were registered using an ICP algorithm to scale the photogrammetric data and define their actual position in the construction system. The hybrid scans were imported and processed in the BIM environment. The building components were segmented and classified into regular and irregular surfaces, in order to perform detailed building information modeling of the architectural elements. The proposed workflows demonstrated an appropriate performance in terms of reliable and complete BIM mapping in the complex structures.

中文翻译：

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整合激光扫描仪和摄影测量技术以增强Heritage BIM

数字3D捕捉和可靠的建筑特征再现是定义传统BIM的第一步也是最困难的一步。TLS和摄影测量等三维数字测量技术使专家能够以新的细节级别扫描建筑物。在TLS点云中跟踪参数对象的挑战包括被遮挡部分的重建，与表面反射率有关的不确定性的测量以及边缘检测和位置。除了基于图像的技术被认为具有成本效益，高度灵活且可有效生成高质量3D纹理模型外，它们还提供了对表面线性特征的更好解释。本文介绍了使用摄影测量和TLS来优化足以实现可靠HBIM的点云的体系结构调查工作流程。在记录两个历史遗迹的过程中提出了基于融合的工作流程-吉达历史悠久的Matbouli House博物馆，联合国教科文组织世界遗产；和阿斯凡城堡。在具有复杂建筑特征的Matbouli故居博物馆建筑中，以不同的分辨率和细节水平实现了多传感器记录。TLS数据用于重建主要结构元素的基本形状，而影像的出色辐射数据和可访问性有效地用于增强TLS点云，从而改善立面中不规则物体的几何形状，数据解释和参数跟踪。此外，在被视为阿斯范城堡参差不齐的地形的工作流程中，此处的TLS点云在影子数据起源的上层建筑区域中补充了无人机数据。使用ICP算法注册这两个数据集，以缩放摄影测量数据并定义它们在建筑系统中的实际位置。混合扫描是在BIM环境中导入和处理的。为了对建筑元素进行详细的建筑信息建模，将建筑组件进行了细分，并分为规则和不规则的表面。拟议的工作流程在复杂结构中可靠且完整的BIM映射方面表现出适当的性能。TLS点云在影子数据起源的上层建筑区域中补充了无人机数据。使用ICP算法注册这两个数据集，以缩放摄影测量数据并定义它们在建筑系统中的实际位置。混合扫描是在BIM环境中导入和处理的。为了对建筑元素进行详细的建筑信息建模，将建筑组件进行了细分，并分为规则和不规则的表面。拟议的工作流程在复杂结构中可靠且完整的BIM映射方面表现出适当的性能。TLS点云在影子数据起源的上层建筑区域中补充了无人机数据。使用ICP算法注册这两个数据集，以缩放摄影测量数据并定义它们在建筑系统中的实际位置。混合扫描是在BIM环境中导入和处理的。为了对建筑元素进行详细的建筑信息建模，将建筑组件进行了细分，并分为规则和不规则的表面。拟议的工作流程在复杂结构中可靠且完整的BIM映射方面表现出适当的性能。混合扫描是在BIM环境中导入和处理的。为了对建筑元素进行详细的建筑信息建模，将建筑组件进行了细分，并分为规则和不规则的表面。拟议的工作流程在复杂结构中可靠且完整的BIM映射方面表现出适当的性能。混合扫描是在BIM环境中导入和处理的。为了对建筑元素进行详细的建筑信息建模，将建筑组件进行了细分，并分为规则和不规则的表面。拟议的工作流程在复杂结构中可靠且完整的BIM映射方面表现出适当的性能。