Oliveria decumbens Vent, an annual herb, belonging to the Apiaceae family, traditionally used to cure diseases such as gastrointestinal, infections, diarrhea and fever. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation (US-HD) on extraction of O. decumbens essential oil (EO). Optimization of three independent variables including ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic duration, and ultrasonic power to obtain EO with high yield and biological activity was performed recruiting Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). According to the RSM results, the maximum yield of EO was achieved with the ultrasonic temperature of 38.63°C, duration of 25.61 min, and power of 149.71 W. The results showed that the UA-HD of O. decumbens produced the highest yield of EO (5.82 %) compared with conventional hydrodistillation (HD) method (as the yield is 4.40 %). EOs extracted using UA-HD and HD methods were analyzed hiring GC and GC–MS, and the findings showed that thymol and carvacrol were the main compounds which made up more than 60 % of EOs obtained by both methods. Moreover, the ultrasonic pre-treatment significantly increased the percentage of thymol, while the percentage of carvacrol underwent no change. The antioxidant study showed that the EO extracted by the UA-HD method (IC₅₀ = 29.61 μg/mL) is of higher antioxidant activity than the EO of HD method (IC₅₀ = 141.11 μg/mL). Also, no significant difference was observed with respect to the cytotoxic activities of the EOs extracted using UA-HD and HD methods. Moreover, the EO obtained via US-HD method had significantly high insecticidal activity with LD₅₀ value of 32.69 μg/larva, compared to HD method (LD₅₀ = 63.21 μg/larva). So, US-HD method is obviously an effective method to improve the EO yield, then to reduce the extraction time and energy consumption, and also increase antioxidant and insecticidal activities, comparing to HD method.

Oliveria decumbens Vent是一年生草本植物，隶属于A科（Apiaceae），传统上用于治疗胃肠道，感染，腹泻和发烧等疾病。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究加氢精馏（US-HD）之前的超声波预处理对提取斜丁香油的影响。精油（EO）。招募了响应表面方法学（RSM）的Box-Behnken设计（BBD），对三个独立变量进行了优化，包括超声温度，超声持续时间和超声功率，以获得具有高产量和生物活性的EO。根据RSM结果，在超声波温度为38.63°C，持续时间为25.61分钟，功率为149.71 W的情况下，EO的产量最高。与传统的加氢蒸馏（HD）方法相比，生成的EO收率最高（5.82％）（因为收率为4.40％）。使用GC和GC-MS分析了使用UA-HD和HD方法提取的EO，发现百里酚和香芹酚是主要化合物，占这两种方法获得的EO的60％以上。此外，超声预处理显着增加了百里酚的百分含量，而香芹酚的百分含量没有变化。抗氧化剂研究表明，通过UA-HD方法提取的EO（IC ₅₀ = 29.61μg/ mL）具有比HD方法（IC _50）的EO高的抗氧化活性。= 141.11μg/ mL）。而且，在使用UA-HD和HD方法提取的EO的细胞毒性活性方面未观察到显着差异。此外，与HD方法（LD ₅₀ = 63.21μg/幼虫）相比，通过US-HD方法获得的EO具有极高的杀虫活性，LD ₅₀值为32.69μg /幼虫。因此，与HD方法相比，US-HD方法显然是一种提高EO收率，减少萃取时间和能耗，以及增加抗氧化和杀虫活性的有效方法。