Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and preventable harm among noncritically ill hospitalized children. Several clinical factors relevant to the noncritically ill hospitalized child significantly increase the risk of VTE including the presence of central venous catheters, systemic inflammation, and prolonged immobilization. Although risk mitigation strategies have been described, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VTE require standardization of institutional practices combined with multidisciplinary collaboration among pediatric hospitalists, hematologists, and other care providers. In this narrative review, we summarize the epidemiology of VTE, risk models identifying high-risk conditions associated with VTE, and prevention and treatment strategies. We further describe successful quality improvement efforts implementing institutional VTE risk stratification and thromboprophylaxis procedures. Finally, we highlight unique challenges facing pediatric hospital medicine specialists in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, including caring for adults admitted to pediatric hospital units, and describe future research opportunities for VTE in the noncritically ill hospitalized child.

静脉血栓栓塞症 (VTE) 是非危重住院儿童发病率和可预防伤害的主要原因。与非危重住院儿童相关的几个临床因素显着增加了 VTE 的风险，包括中心静脉导管的存在、全身炎症和长时间制动。尽管已经描述了风险缓解策略，但 VTE 的诊断、治疗和预防需要机构实践的标准化以及儿科住院医师、血液学家和其他护理提供者之间的多学科合作。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们总结了 VTE 的流行病学、识别与 VTE 相关的高风险疾病的风险模型以及预防和治疗策略。我们进一步描述了实施机构 VTE 风险分层和血栓预防程序的成功质量改进工作。最后，我们强调了儿科医院医学专家在 COVID-19 大流行时代面临的独特挑战，包括照顾儿科医院住院的成年人，并描述了非危重住院儿童 VTE 的未来研究机会。