Phenology, or the timing of life history events, can be heterogeneous across biological communities and landscapes and can vary across a wide variety of spatiotemporal scales. Here, we synthesize information from landscape phenology studies across different scales of measurement around a set of core concepts. We highlight why phenology is scale dependent and identify gaps in the spatiotemporal scales of phenological observations and inferences. We discuss the consequences of these gaps and describe opportunities to address the inherent sensitivities of phenological metrics to measurement scale. Although most studies we review and discuss are focused on plants, our work provides a broadly relevant overview of the role of observation scale in landscape phenology and a general approach for measuring and reporting scale dependence.

物候学或生活史事件的时间，在生物群落和景观中可能是异质的，并且可能在各种时空尺度上变化。在这里，我们围绕一组核心概念综合了来自不同测量尺度的景观物候研究的信息。我们强调了为什么物候学依赖于尺度，并确定物候观察和推论的时空尺度的差距。我们讨论了这些差距的后果，并描述了解决物候指标对测量尺度的固有敏感性的机会。尽管我们审查和讨论的大多数研究都集中在植物上，但我们的工作提供了观察尺度在景观物候学中的作用的广泛相关概述，以及测量和报告尺度依赖性的一般方法。