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Reflections on the Political Economy of European Wine Appellations
Italian Economic Journal ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s40797-021-00145-4
Julian M. Alston , Davide Gaeta

Today’s European wine policy is centered on a system of appellations, implemented as geographical indications (GIs), that entail significant technological regulations—restricting the varieties that may be grown, while imposing maximum yields per hectare and other rules regarding grape production and winemaking practice. This paper outlines the historical development of European wine policy under the CAP, and presents a more detailed analysis of the economic consequences of the rules and regulations under the appellation system. The introduction of these rules and regulations was probably beneficial initially, both for their didactive effect on wine producers and consumers and as a way of overcoming a significant “lemons” problem in the market. However, those same rules and regulations are much less valuable today, given (1) the potential for alternative sources of information to solve the lemons problem, and (2) evidence that the appellation system per se might not be effectively serving that purpose as well as it once did, while some of the regulations impose significant social costs. Yield restrictions, in particular, are economically inefficient as a way of enhancing and signaling quality (their ostensible purpose) and as a way of restricting total supply to support market prices and thus producer incomes (a significant motivation). The inherent weaknesses of the policy design are compounded by failures of governance. A less heavy-handed approach to policy would allow more scope for the market mechanism to match supply and demand for this signature product from European agriculture.



中文翻译:

对欧洲葡萄酒产地名称政治经济学的思考

当今的欧洲葡萄酒政策集中在以地理标志(GI)实施的称谓体系上,该体系要求制定重要的技术法规,限制可能种植的葡萄品种,同时规定每公顷的最大产量以及有关葡萄生产和酿酒工艺的其他规则。本文概述了CAP之下的欧洲葡萄酒政策的历史发展,并提出了对葡萄酒产地名称制度下的规章制度的经济后果的更详细的分析。这些规则和法规的引入可能最初有益,既对葡萄酒生产商和消费者产生了积极影响,又是克服市场中重大“柠檬”问题的一种方式。但是,这些相同的规章制度如今价值不高,考虑到(1)解决柠檬问题的替代信息来源的潜力,以及(2)证据表明,原产地名称制度可能无法像以前那样有效地达到该目的,而某些法规强加了社会费用。尤其是,产量限制在经济上效率低下,无法提高和表明质量(表面上的目的),并且是限制总供应量以支持市场价格并从而增加生产者收入的途径(这是重要的动机)。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。(2)有证据表明,该称呼制度本身可能无法像以前那样有效地达到该目的,而某些法规则带来了巨大的社会成本。尤其是,产量限制在经济上效率低下,无法提高和表明质量(表面上的目的),并且是限制总供应量以支持市场价格并从而增加生产者收入的途径(这是重要的动机)。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。(2)有证据表明,该称呼制度本身可能无法像以前那样有效地达到该目的,而某些法规则带来了巨大的社会成本。尤其是,产量限制在经济上效率低下,无法提高和表明质量(表面上的目的),并且是限制总供应量以支持市场价格并从而增加生产者收入的途径(这是重要的动机)。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。而某些法规则带来了巨大的社会成本。尤其是,产量限制在经济上效率低下,无法提高和表明质量(表面上的目的),并且是限制总供应量以支持市场价格并从而增加生产者收入的途径(这是重要的动机)。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配来自欧洲农业的这种标志性产品的供求关系。而某些法规则带来了巨大的社会成本。尤其是,产量限制在经济上效率低下,无法提高和表明质量(表面上的目的),并且是限制总供应量以支持市场价格并从而增加生产者收入的途径(这是重要的动机)。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。政策设计的固有弱点是治理失败。较宽松的政策方针将为市场机制留出更大的空间,以匹配欧洲农业对这一标志性产品的供求。

更新日期:2021-05-08
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