Crop diversification often promotes farm sustainability. However, proper management of newly introduced crops is difficult when pests are unknown. Characterizing herbivore dynamics on new crops, and how they respond to agronomic factors, is crucial for integrated pest management. Here we explored factors affecting Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) herbivores in quinoa crops of Washington State. Quinoa is a newly introduced crop for North America that has multiple varieties and a range of agronomic practices used for cultivation. Through arthropod surveys and discussions with growers, we determined that Lygus spp. was the most abundant insect herbivore and likely contributed to low quinoa yields in previous seasons. We assessed how different varieties (Pison and QQ74), irrigation regimes (present and not), and planting methods (direct-seeded and transplanted) affected Lygus population dynamics. Lygus phenology was correlated with timing of quinoa seed-set in July and August, corresponding to a period when quinoa is most susceptible to Lygus. Both irrigation and planting manipulations had significant effects on Lygus abundance. Irrigation reduced Lygus abundance compared with nonirrigated plots in 2018. Planting method had a significant effect on Lygus populations in both 2017 and 2018, but effects differed among years. Variety had a significant effect on Lygus abundance, but only in nonirrigated plots. Overall, our study shows that Lygus is a common insect herbivore in quinoa, and careful selection of variety, planting method, and irrigation regime may be key components of effective control in seasons where Lygus abundance is high.

中文翻译：

---

农艺实践对盲蝇属的影响。（半翅目：Miridae）藜麦的种群动态

作物多样化通常会促进农场的可持续性。然而，当害虫未知时，很难对新引进的作物进行适当的管理。表征新作物的食草动物动态，以及它们对农艺因素的反应，对于虫害综合治理至关重要。在这里，我们探讨了影响 Lygus spp 的因素。（半翅目：Miridae）华盛顿州藜麦作物中的食草动物。藜麦是北美新引进的作物，有多种品种和一系列用于种植的农艺实践。通过节肢动物调查和与种植者的讨论，我们确定了 Lygus spp。是最丰富的昆虫食草动物，可能导致前几个季节藜麦产量低。我们评估了不同的品种（Pison 和 QQ74）、灌溉制度（存在和不存在）、和种植方法（直播和移植）影响了盲蝇种群动态。七月和八月藜麦的物候与藜麦的结实时间相关，对应于藜麦最易感染盲麦的时期。灌溉和种植操作对牧草属的丰度都有显着影响。2018年与未灌溉的地块相比，灌溉降低了牧羊犬的丰度。种植方法在2017年和2018年对牧羊犬种群都有显着影响，但不同年份的影响有所不同。品种对盲蝇丰度有显着影响，但仅限于非灌溉地块。总体而言，我们的研究表明，盲蝽是藜麦中常见的食草昆虫，品种、种植方法和灌溉方式的仔细选择可能是在盲蝽丰度高的季节有效控制的关键组成部分。