Frequently hard to reach and underserved, Asian Americans are the racial group whose chief cause of mortality is cancer. Efficacious survivorship care is important, but little is known about extant intervention efforts for this community and how culture has been integrated into these efforts. This study examined cancer survivorship interventions for Asian Americans and how culture has been addressed, using an integrated framework consisting of goals, theory, methods, and cultural concordance in the persons of the interventions. Mixed methods comprising a systematic review and critical analyses were employed. Results indicate that only 13 interventions have been delivered to this community, with six of them pilot studies, and that they used a narrow range of focus on cancer type, with all interventions focusing on breast cancer survivorship. Applications of theory and methods were incongruent with cultural valuation of emotion expression and help seeking behavior. Cultural concordance was operationalized mostly as the racial ethnic match between interventionists and survivors. Deep culture factors including cultural beliefs and values were rarely specified. Theory and research should move beyond the currently prevalent definition of culture as race, ethnicity, or language, and interventions should consider the role of culture in their goals, theory, methods, and persons. Advances in theory and research are needed, as neither reliance on the Western paradigm nor assumptions about Asian Americans can be appropriate for achieving cultural validity. Future conceptualization and operationalization should consider culture more than race, ethnicity, or language.

中文翻译：

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亚裔美国人癌症生存干预中的文化：系统回顾和批判性分析。

亚裔美国人往往难以接触到且服务不足，他们是主要死亡原因是癌症的种族群体。有效的生存护理很重要，但对于该社区现有的干预工作以及文化如何融入这些工作知之甚少。本研究使用一个由干预对象的目标、理论、方法和文化一致性组成的综合框架，研究了针对亚裔美国人的癌症生存干预措施以及如何解决文化问题。采用了包括系统评价和批判性分析的混合方法。结果表明，仅向该社区提供了 13 项干预措施，其中 6 项是试点研究，并且他们对癌症类型的关注范围很窄，所有干预措施都侧重于乳腺癌的存活率。理论和方法的应用与情感表达和寻求行为的文化评价不一致。文化和谐主要是作为干预者和幸存者之间的种族匹配而实施的。包括文化信仰和价值观在内的深层文化因素很少被具体说明。理论和研究应该超越目前流行的将文化定义为种族、民族或语言的定义，干预措施应该考虑文化在其目标、理论、方法和个人中的作用。需要在理论和研究方面取得进展，因为无论是依赖西方范式还是对亚裔美国人的假设都不适合实现文化有效性。未来的概念化和操作化应该考虑文化而不是种族、民族或语言。