Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) from Macleaya cordata are promising natural products for enhancing the growth performance and overall health condition of farmed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two formulas of IQ extract, provided in either a powdered formula (IQ-E) or a water-soluble, granulated formula (IQ-WS) and containing the main active component sanguinarine at a concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, on the growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the postlarvae were divided into five groups (four replicates/group and 100 shrimp/tank) and fed four times/day for 30 days with a control feed, IQ-E at 200 or 300 mg/kg of feed, or IQ-WS at 100 or 150 mg/kg of feed. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups (four treatment groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls with four replicates/group and 30 shrimp/tank) and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at a concentration of 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 14 days. The results revealed that all IQ-fed shrimp in Experiment 1 had significantly enhanced survival rates and immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) compared to the control group, even though the growth performances were similar across all groups. In Experiment 2, all IQ-fed groups showed better growth performance and survival rates compared to the positive control. Other than in the positive control group, no histopathological lesions in the hepatopancreas and the intestine were found. In summary, the current study demonstrated the benefits of using IQs from M. cordata as feed additives for improving the growth performance, survival rate, immune responses, and resistance to vibriosis of Pacific white shrimp.

中文翻译：

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来自 Macleaya cordata 的异喹啉生物碱对太平洋白虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能、存活率、免疫反应和对副溶血性弧菌感染的抵抗力的影响。

来自 Macleaya cordata 的异喹啉生物碱 (IQ) 是有前途的天然产品，可提高养殖动物的生长性能和整体健康状况。本研究旨在研究两种 IQ 提取物配方的效果，它们以粉末配方 (IQ-E) 或水溶性颗粒配方 (IQ-WS) 提供，并含有浓度为对南美白对虾 (Litopenaeus vannamei) 的生长、存活、免疫反应和对副溶血性弧菌感染的抵抗力分别为 0.5% 和 1%。在实验 1 中，将虾苗分成 5 组（4 个重复/组和 100 只虾/箱），每天喂食 4 次，持续 30 天，使用对照饲料，IQ-E 为 200 或 300 mg/kg 饲料，或IQ-WS 为 100 或 150 mg/kg 饲料。在实验 2 中，将实验 1 中存活的虾重新分配到六组（实验 1 中的四个处理组加上阳性和阴性对照，每组 4 个重复和 30 只虾/罐），并以 103 个菌落的浓度浸入副溶血性弧菌进行攻击。 -形成单位 (CFU)/mL，并用相同的饮食喂养另外 14 天。结果表明，与对照组相比，实验 1 中所有 IQ 喂养的虾的存活率和免疫参数（总血细胞计数和吞噬、酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性）均显着提高，尽管所有组的生长性能相似. 在实验 2 中，与阳性对照相比，所有 IQ 喂养组都表现出更好的生长性能和存活率。除阳性对照组外，肝胰腺和肠道未发现组织病理学病变。总而言之，目前的研究证明了使用 M. cordata 的 IQ 作为饲料添加剂改善太平洋白虾的生长性能、成活率、免疫反应和对弧菌病的抵抗力的好处。