INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is (AMR) an emerging global public health problem. Rationale use of antibiotic can prevent the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to understand the knowledge, attitude and practice on antibiotic usage and AMR among the veterinarians and para-veterinarians in Bhutan. METHOD A cross-sectional questionnaire survey among the veterinarians and para-veterinarians was conducted from June to July 2020. A score of one to the correct answers and zero for the wrong answers was allotted to each respondent answers. The total score was added and those who scored above the mean was categorized as having good knowledge and favourable attitude. RESULT A total of 219 animal health workers participated in this study. The mean knowledge score was 12.05 ±1.74 with 38.8% of the respondents having good knowledge on antibiotic use and AMR. Similarly, the mean scores for the attitude level were 8.32±1.61 with 51% them having favorable attitude towards antibiotic usage and AMR. The mean practice score was 3.83±1.06 with 77% of them having good practices on antibiotic use. The respondents who read national plan on AMR were found to have good knowledge on antibiotics and AMR (AOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.19-4.82). The female respondents (AOR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.01-4.61), respondents from the eastern region (AOR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.18-5.44), west central (AOR: 3; 95% CI: 1.30-6.92), animal health supervisors (AOR: 9.77; 95% CI: 1.98-48.29), and livestock production supervisors (AOR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.21-6.35) have favorable attitude towards antibiotics and AMR. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified that most animal health workers in Bhutan had poor knowledge on antibiotics usage and AMR. Therefore, regular awareness education on antibiotics and AMR in the form of refresher course/training must be provided to the animal health workers in the country to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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不丹兽医和准兽医对抗生素使用和抗生素耐药性的知识，态度和实践。

引言抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是新兴的全球公共卫生问题。合理使用抗生素可以防止抗生素耐药性上升。这项研究的目的是了解不丹兽医和准兽医中抗生素使用和抗菌药物耐药的知识，态度和实践。方法从2020年6月至2020年7月，对兽医和准兽医进行横断面问卷调查。正确答案的得分为1，错误答案的得分为0。将总分相加，将那些得分高于平均分的人归类为具有良好的知识和良好的态度。结果共有219位动物卫生工作者参加了这项研究。平均知识得分为12.05±1.74，平均得分为38。8％的被调查者对抗生素的使用和AMR有很好的了解。同样，态度水平的平均得分为8.32±1.61，其中51％的人对抗生素的使用和AMR持积极态度。平均实践得分为3.83±1.06，其中7​​7％的患者具有良好的抗生素使用实践。发现阅读了有关AMR的国家计划的受访者对抗生素和AMR有很好的了解（AOR：2.39； 95％CI：1.19-4.82）。女性受访者（AOR：2.16; 95％CI：1.01-4.61），来自东部地区的受访者（AOR：2.53; 95％CI：1.18-5.44），中西部（AOR：3; 95％CI：1.30-6.92） ），动物健康主管（AOR：9.77; 95％CI：1.98-48.29）和畜牧生产主管（AOR：2.77; 95％CI：1.21-6.35）对抗生素和AMR持积极态度。结论我们的研究表明，不丹的大多数动物卫生工作者对抗生素的使用和抗菌药物耐药性了解不足。因此，必须向该国的动物卫生工作者提供以进修课程/培训形式进行的有关抗生素和抗菌药物耐药性的定期宣传教育，以避免不当使用抗生素。