Social support is one of the most robust predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, little is known about factors that moderate the relationship between social support and PTSD symptom severity. This meta-analysis estimated the overall effect size of the relationship between self-reported social support and PTSD severity and tested meaningful demographic, social support, and trauma characteristics that may moderate this association using both cross-sectional and longitudinal effect sizes. A comprehensive search identified 139 studies with 145 independent cross-sectional effect sizes representing 62,803 individuals and 37 studies with 38 independent longitudinal effect sizes representing 25,792 individuals. Study samples had to comprise trauma-exposed, nonclinical adult populations to be included in the analysis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed a near medium overall effect size (rcross = -.27; 95% CI [-.30, -.24]; rlong = -.25; 95% CI [-.28, -.21]) with a high degree of heterogeneity (cross-sectional I2 = 91.6, longitudinal I2 = 86.5). Both cross-sectional and longitudinal moderator analyses revealed that study samples exposed to natural disasters had a weaker effect size than samples exposed to other trauma types (e.g., combat, interpersonal violence), studies measuring negative social reactions had a larger effect size than studies assessing other types of social support, and veteran samples revealed larger effect sizes than civilian samples. Several other methodological and substantive moderators emerged that revealed a complex relationship between social support and PTSD severity. These findings have important clinical implications for the types of social support interventions that could mitigate PTSD severity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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审查社会支持与自我报告的PTSD症状之间关系的主持人：一项荟萃分析。

社会支持是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的最有力的预测指标之一。然而，关于缓解社会支持与PTSD症状严重程度之间关系的因素知之甚少。这项荟萃分析估计了自我报告的社会支持与PTSD严重性之间关系的总体影响大小，并使用横断面和纵向影响大小测试了有意义的人口统计学，社会支持和创伤特征，这些特征可以缓解这种关联。全面搜索确定了139项研究，其中145个独立的横截面效应大小代表62,803个个体，而37个研究中的38个独立的纵向效应大小代表25,792个个体。研究样本必须包括暴露于创伤的非临床成年人群，才能纳入分析范围。横断面和纵向分析显示总体效果大小接近中等（rcross = -.27； 95％CI [-.30，-。24]； rlong = -.25； 95％CI [-.28，-。21 ]）具有高度的异质性（横截面I2 = 91.6，纵向I2 = 86.5）。横断面和纵向主持人分析均显示，暴露于自然灾害的研究样本的影响大小要弱于暴露于其他创伤类型（例如，战斗，人际暴力）的样本，测量负面社会反应的研究的影响规模大于评估的研究其他类型的社会支持和退伍军人样本显示出比平民样本更大的影响力大小。出现了其他几种方法论和实质性主持人，揭示了社会支持与PTSD严重性之间的复杂关系。这些发现对可以减轻PTSD严重性的社会支持干预类型具有重要的临床意义。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。