Coronaviruses are a group of viruses causing disease in a wide range of animals, and humans. Since 2002, the successive emergence of bat-borne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 has reinforced efforts in uncovering the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms governing coronavirus cell tropism and interspecies transmission. Decades of studies have led to the discovery of a broad set of carbohydrate and protein receptors for many animal and human coronaviruses. As the main determinant of coronavirus entry, the spike protein binds to these receptors and mediates membrane fusion. Prone to mutations and recombination, spike evolution has been studied extensively. The interactions between spike proteins and their receptors are often complex and despite many advances in the field, there remains many unresolved questions concerning coronavirus tropism modification and cross-species transmission, potentially leading to delays in outbreak responses. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the need to address these outstanding issues in order to better anticipate new outbreaks. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in the field of coronavirus receptors emphasizing on the molecular and evolutionary processes that underlie coronavirus receptor usage and host range expansion.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒宿主细胞进入受体的分子多样性。


冠状病毒是一组在多种动物和人类中引起疾病​​的病毒。 2002年以来，蝙蝠传播的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（SADS-CoV）和SARS-CoV-2的相继出现，加强了病毒的传播能力。努力揭示控制冠状病毒细胞向性和种间传播的分子和进化机制。数十年的研究发现了许多动物和人类冠状病毒的广泛碳水化合物和蛋白质受体。作为冠状病毒进入的主要决定因素，刺突蛋白与这些受体结合并介导膜融合。刺突进化容易发生突变和重组，已被广泛研究。刺突蛋白与其受体之间的相互作用通常很复杂，尽管该领域取得了许多进展，但有关冠状病毒向性修饰和跨物种传播的问题仍然有许多未解决的问题，可能导致疫情反应的延迟。 SARS-CoV-2 的出现强调需要解决这些突出问题，以便更好地预测新的疫情爆发。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了冠状病毒受体领域的最新进展，重点讨论了冠状病毒受体使用和宿主范围扩展的分子和进化过程。