Hybrid necrosis in plants refers to a genetic autoimmunity syndrome in the progeny of interspecific or intraspecific crosses. Although the phenomenon was first documented in 1920, it has been unequivocally linked to autoimmunity only recently, with the discovery of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. The most common causal loci encode immune receptors, which are known to differ within and between species. One mechanism can be explained by the guard hypothesis, in which a guard protein, often a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein, is activated by interaction with a plant protein that mimics standard guardees modified by pathogen effector proteins. Another surprising mechanism is the formation of inappropriately active immune receptor complexes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of hybrid necrosis and discuss how its study is not only informing the understanding of immune gene evolution but also revealing new aspects of plant immune signaling. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 59 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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一百年杂种坏死：杂种自身免疫作为了解植物-病原体相互作用机制和进化的窗口。

植物中的杂种坏死是指种间或种内杂交的子代中的遗传自身免疫综合症。尽管这种现象在1920年首次被记录，但直到最近才发现它与潜在的遗传和生化机制明确地联系到自身免疫。最常见的原因基因座编码免疫受体，已知这些受体在物种内部和物种之间会有所不同。保护机制假说可以解释一种机制，其中保护蛋白质（通常是富含核苷酸结合位点的亮氨酸重复序列蛋白质）通过与模拟病原体效应蛋白修饰的标准被保护植物的植物蛋白质相互作用而被激活。另一个令人惊讶的机制是活性不适当的免疫受体复合物的形成。在这篇评论中，我们总结了我们目前对杂交坏死的了解，并讨论了其研究不仅如何增进对免疫基因进化的了解，而且揭示了植物免疫信号转导的新方面。《植物病理学年度回顾》的预期最终最终在线发布日期是2021年8月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates以获取修订的估算值。