The discovery of neural signals that reflect the dynamics of perceptual decision formation has had a considerable impact. Not only do such signals enable detailed investigations of the neural implementation of the decision-making process but they also can expose key elements of the brain's decision algorithms. For a long time, such signals were only accessible through direct animal brain recordings, and progress in human neuroscience was hampered by the limitations of noninvasive recording techniques. However, recent methodological advances are increasingly enabling the study of human brain signals that finely trace the dynamics of the unfolding decision process. In this review, we highlight how human neurophysiological data are now being leveraged to furnish new insights into the multiple processing levels involved in forming decisions, to inform the construction and evaluation of mathematical models that can explain intra- and interindividual differences, and to examine how key ancillary processes interact with core decision circuits. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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人类感知决策的神经生理学。

反映感知决策形成动态的神经信号的发现产生了相当大的影响。这样的信号不仅可以对决策过程的神经执行方式进行详细研究，而且还可以揭示大脑决策算法的关键要素。长期以来，此类信号只能通过直接的动物脑部记录来获取，而无创记录技术的局限性阻碍了人类神经科学的进展。但是，最近的方法学进步使人们能够更好地追踪正在展开的决策过程的动力学的人类大脑信号的研究。在这篇评论中，我们重点介绍了如何利用人类神经生理学数据对形成决策所涉及的多个处理水平提供新的见解，有助于构建和评估可以解释个体之间和个体之间差异的数学模型，并研究关键辅助过程如何与核心决策电路相互作用。《神经科学年度评论》（第44卷）的最终最终在线发布日期为2021年7月。有关修订的估算，请参见http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。