The neural basis of empathy and prosociality has received much interest over the past decades. Neuroimaging studies localized a network of brain regions with activity that correlates with empathy. Here, we review how the emergence of rodent and nonhuman primate models of empathy-related phenomena supplements human lesion and neuromodulation studies providing evidence that activity in several nodes is necessary for these phenomena to occur. We review proof that (i) affective states triggered by the emotions of others, (ii) motivations to act in ways that benefit others, and (iii) emotion recognition can be altered by perturbing brain activity in many nodes identified by human neuroimaging, with strongest evidence for the cingulate and the amygdala. We also include evidence that manipulations of the oxytocin system and analgesics can have such effects, the latter providing causal evidence for the recruitment of an individual's own nociceptive system to feel with the pain of others.

中文翻译：

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跨物种共情相关现象所必需的神经机制。

在过去的几十年里，同理心和亲社会性的神经基础受到了极大的关注。神经影像学研究将大脑区域网络定位为与移情相关的活动。在这里，我们回顾了移情相关现象的啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物模型的出现如何补充人类病变和神经调节研究，提供证据表明多个节点的活动对于这些现象的发生是必要的。我们回顾了以下证据：（i）由他人的情绪引发的情感状态，（ii）以有益于他人的方式行事的动机，以及（iii）情绪识别可以通过扰乱人类神经影像学识别的许多节点中的大脑活动来改变，扣带回和杏仁核的最有力证据。