The neural basis of empathy and prosociality has received much interest over the past decades. Neuroimaging studies localized a network of brain regions with activity that correlates with empathy. Here, we review how the emergence of rodent and nonhuman primate models of empathy-related phenomena supplements human lesion and neuromodulation studies providing evidence that activity in several nodes is necessary for these phenomena to occur. We review proof that (i) affective states triggered by the emotions of others, (ii) motivations to act in ways that benefit others, and (iii) emotion recognition can be altered by perturbing brain activity in many nodes identified by human neuroimaging, with strongest evidence for the cingulate and the amygdala. We also include evidence that manipulations of the oxytocin system and analgesics can have such effects, the latter providing causal evidence for the recruitment of an individual's own nociceptive system to feel with the pain of others.

中文翻译：

---

跨物种同情相关现象所必需的神经机制。

在过去的几十年中，移情和亲社会的神经基础引起了人们的极大兴趣。神经影像学研究定位了具有与移情相关的活动的大脑区域网络。在这里，我们回顾与同情相关现象的啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物模型的出现如何补充人类病变和神经调节研究，从而提供证据表明在多个节点中活动对于这些现象的发生是必要的。我们审查了以下证据：（i）由他人的情绪触发的情感状态；（ii）以有益于他人的方式行事的动机；（iii）可以通过扰动人类神经影像学确定的许多节点的大脑活动来改变情绪识别，扣带回和杏仁核的最有力证据。