We are able to compare intensities across different sorts of stimuli, like in matching the brightness of visual stimuli of different hue, or the loudness of auditory stimuli of different spectral shapes. We can even match the brightness of a visual stimulus to the loudness of a tone, and vice versa. The term cross-dimensional matching is used to subsume these kinds of intra- and cross-modal tasks. The often replicated regression effect in cross-dimensional matching relates to the observation that the intensity of whatever stimulus is adjusted exhibits a tendency toward some mean magnitude, which is interpreted as serving as an internal reference. Internal references, however, are not part of psychophysical theory in the tradition of Stevens. They form a key ingredient for the theory of global psychophysics initiated by R. Duncan Luce, which also makes explicit Stevens' assumption of an underlying ratio scale of perceived intensity to which all sensations map, and renders it empirically testable. The present article generalizes Luce's theory of cross-dimensional magnitude production (Luce et al., 2010) to integrate potentially role-dependent internal references (pertaining to the standard, or the adjusted stimulus) as suggested by the regression effect. Reconsidering available empirical evidence for magnitude production and matching experiments in the light of these theoretical developments leads to a coherent picture. The results indicate that internal references are role-dependent in cross-dimensional tasks (intra- or cross-modal), but role-independent in intra-dimensional tasks. Moreover, predictions derived from the generalized theory provide a close fit to classical matching data. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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跨模态判断中的内部参考：全球心理物理学视角。

我们能够比较不同种类刺激的强度，例如匹配不同色调的视觉刺激的亮度，或不同光谱形状的听觉刺激的响度。我们甚至可以将视觉刺激的亮度与音调的响度相匹配，反之亦然。术语跨维匹配用于包含这些类型的模内和跨模态任务。跨维度匹配中经常重复的回归效应与观察到的任何刺激的强度都表现出某种平均幅度的趋势有关，这被解释为作为内部参考。然而，内部参考并不是史蒂文斯传统中心理物理学理论的一部分。它们构成了由 R. Duncan Luce 发起的全球心理物理学理论的关键组成部分，这也使史蒂文斯明确假设所有感觉映射到的感知强度的潜在比率尺度，并使其在经验上可测试。本文概括了 Luce 的跨维度幅度产生理论（Luce 等，2010），以整合潜在的角色依赖内部参考（与标准或调整后的刺激有关），如回归效应所暗示的那样。根据这些理论发展重新考虑震级产生和匹配实验的可用经验证据会导致一幅连贯的画面。结果表明，内部参考在跨维度任务（模内或跨模态）中依赖于角色，但在维度内任务中与角色无关。而且，从广义理论得出的预测与经典匹配数据非常吻合。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。