Prior research has shown that personality traits are associated with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). To advance research on the psychological factors related to aging-related functional limitations, this study examined the relation between personality traits and both concurrent and incident functional limitations, tested whether these associations are similar across IADLs and ADLs, and tested potential mediators of these associations. Participants were drawn from eight longitudinal samples from the U.S., England, and Japan. Participants provided data on demographic variables, the five major personality traits, and on the Katz ADL-scale and Lawton IADL-scales. IADL/ADL limitations were assessed again 3-18 years later. A consistent pattern of associations was found between personality traits and functional limitations, with associations slightly stronger for IADLs than ADLs, and robust across samples that used different measures and from different cultural contexts. The meta-analysis indicated that higher neuroticism was related to a higher likelihood of concurrent and incident IADL/ADL limitations, and higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were associated with lower risk. Higher agreeableness was associated with lower risk of concurrent IADL/ADL, but unrelated to incident limitations. Physical activity, disease burden, depressive symptoms, self-rated health, handgrip strength, falls, and smoking status mediated the relation between personality traits and incident IADL/ADL limitations. The present study indicates that personality traits are risk factors for both IADL and ADL limitations across multiple national cohorts, identifies potential mediators, and informs conceptual models on psychological risk factors for functional decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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人格特质与 IADL/ADL 限制之间的横截面和前瞻性关联。

先前的研究表明，人格特质与日常生活活动 (ADL) 和工具性 ADL (IADL) 相关。为了推进对与衰老相关的功能限制相关的心理因素的研究，本研究检查了人格特质与并发和事件功能限制之间的关系，测试了这些关联在 IADL 和 ADL 中是否相似，并测试了这些关联的潜在中介。参与者来自美国、英国和日本的八个纵向样本。参与者提供了有关人口统计变量、五个主要人格特征以及 Katz ADL 量表和 Lawton IADL 量表的数据。3-18 年后再次评估 IADL/ADL 限制。在人格特质和功能限制之间发现了一致的关联模式，IADL 的关联比 ADL 略强，并且在使用不同措施和来自不同文化背景的样本中稳健。荟萃分析表明，较高的神经质与并发和偶发的 IADL/ADL 限制的可能性较高有关，而较高的责任心、外向性和开放性与较低的风险相关。较高的宜人性与较低的并发 IADL/ADL 风险相关，但与事件限制无关。体力活动、疾病负担、抑郁症状、自评健康状况、握力、跌倒和吸烟状况介导了人格特质与事件 IADL/ADL 限制之间的关系。本研究表明，人格特质是多个国家队列中 IADL 和 ADL 限制的风险因素，确定了潜在的调解者，并为功能下降的心理风险因素的概念模型提供了信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。