Children tend to assume that their ingroup members are more likely to share their preferences than outgroup members, but group membership and shared preferences need not be congruent in reality. The current study investigated 76 3- to 6-year-old children's baseline intergroup attitudes in a minimal group context and their subsequent attitudes after being informed that either (a) their ingroup, but not their outgroup, shared their preferences or (b) their outgroup, but not their ingroup, shared their preferences. Cues about shared preferences affected children's intergroup biases to some extent, such that children tended to like their outgroup more and to allocate resources fairly among their ingroup and outgroup when they learned that their outgroup shared their preferences. However, intergroup biases were robust in some measures, such that children reported high ingroup liking and demonstrated ingroup favoritism in behavioral attribution regardless of whether they learned that their ingroup or outgroup shared their preferences. Children were also administered measures tapping into cognitive flexibility, but there was no coherent evidence that children's cognitive flexibility was related to their initial intergroup attitudes or their subsequent intergroup attitudes after learning that their ingroup or outgroup shared their preferences. The current study demonstrates a nuanced picture of intergroup biases, such that these biases might not be entirely entrenched but can nonetheless be robust in the face of conflicting cues about group membership and shared preferences. Furthermore, the importance of investigating intergroup biases at the individual level, rather than only at the group level, is discussed.

中文翻译：

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我们和他们之间的界限模糊：年幼的孩子是否与具有共同偏好的外群体成员有联系？

孩子们倾向于认为他们的内群体成员比外群体成员更有可能分享他们的偏好，但群体成员身份和共享偏好在现实中不一定是一致的。目前的研究调查了 76 名 3 至 6 岁儿童在最小群体背景下的基线群体间态度以及他们在被告知（a）他们的内群体而非外群体分享他们的偏好或（b）他们的后续态度后的态度。外群体，而不是内群体，分享了他们的偏好。共享偏好的线索在一定程度上影响了儿童的群体间偏见，当孩子们得知外群体有共同偏好时，他们往往更喜欢他们的外群体，并在他们的内群体和外群体之间公平地分配资源。然而，在某些措施中，群体间的偏见是强大的，这样，无论孩子们是否知道他们的内群体或外群体分享他们的偏好，儿童都报告了高度的内群体喜好并在行为归因方面表现出内群体偏好。儿童也接受了利用认知灵活性的措施，但没有一致的证据表明儿童的认知灵活性与他们最初的群体间态度或在得知他们的内群体或外群体分享他们的偏好后随后的群体间态度有关。当前的研究展示了群体间偏见的细微差别，因此这些偏见可能不会完全根深蒂固，但在面对关于群体成员身份和共享偏好的相互冲突的线索时，这些偏见可能仍然存在。此外，在个人层面调查群体间偏见的重要性，