Children tend to assume that their ingroup members are more likely to share their preferences than outgroup members, but group membership and shared preferences need not be congruent in reality. The current study investigated 76 3- to 6-year-old children's baseline intergroup attitudes in a minimal group context and their subsequent attitudes after being informed that either (a) their ingroup, but not their outgroup, shared their preferences or (b) their outgroup, but not their ingroup, shared their preferences. Cues about shared preferences affected children's intergroup biases to some extent, such that children tended to like their outgroup more and to allocate resources fairly among their ingroup and outgroup when they learned that their outgroup shared their preferences. However, intergroup biases were robust in some measures, such that children reported high ingroup liking and demonstrated ingroup favoritism in behavioral attribution regardless of whether they learned that their ingroup or outgroup shared their preferences. Children were also administered measures tapping into cognitive flexibility, but there was no coherent evidence that children's cognitive flexibility was related to their initial intergroup attitudes or their subsequent intergroup attitudes after learning that their ingroup or outgroup shared their preferences. The current study demonstrates a nuanced picture of intergroup biases, such that these biases might not be entirely entrenched but can nonetheless be robust in the face of conflicting cues about group membership and shared preferences. Furthermore, the importance of investigating intergroup biases at the individual level, rather than only at the group level, is discussed.

中文翻译：

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我们与他们之间的界限模糊：年幼的孩子是否隶属于具有共同偏好的外来成员？

孩子们倾向于认为自己的小组成员比小组成员更有可能分享自己的喜好，但是现实中并不需要小组成员和共同的喜好。本研究在被告知（a）他们的内在群体而不是他们的外在群体分享他们的偏好或（b）他们的偏好后，调查了76个3至6岁儿童在最小群体背景下的基线群体间态度以及他们随后的态度。外来群体，而不是他们的内在群体，分享了他们的偏好。有关共同偏好的线索在一定程度上影响了儿童的群体间偏见，因此，当孩子们得知自己的外部群体分享自己的偏好时，他们倾向于更喜欢他们的外部群体，并在内部群体和外部群体之间公平地分配资源。但是，在某些方面，群体间的偏见是有力的，这样，无论孩子是否得知自己的内向或外向群体都分享自己的喜好，他们会表现出较高的内向群体喜好并表现出偏向于行为归因。还为儿童提供了利用认知灵活性的措施，但是没有连贯的证据表明，儿童的认知灵活性与他们最初的群体间态度或随后的群体间态度有关，因为他们知道他们的内在或外在群体具有共同的偏好。当前的研究表明了群体间偏见的细微差别，因此这些偏见可能不会完全根深蒂固，但是在面对有关群体成员身份和共享偏好的相互矛盾的线索时仍然可以保持稳健。此外，调查个人层面上群体间偏见的重要性，