OBJECTIVE This study investigated adolescents' appraisals of responses to problematic situations and their relations to behavioral intentions for aggressive and nonviolent behavior. A key question was whether ratings of effective and ineffective nonviolent responses and aggressive responses reflect distinct constructs or opposite ends of a single dimension. METHOD A sample of 183 students at three middle schools in an urban public school system serving a mostly African American population completed measures of aggression, and rated responses to hypothetical situations on five dimensions: behavioral intention, effectiveness, descriptive norms, and anticipated reactions from friends and parents. Responses included nonviolent responses and aggressive responses to problematic situations identified in previous qualitative studies. Nonviolent responses were categorized as effective or ineffective based on ratings by a community sample of youth and adults. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses supported separate factors representing ratings of effective responses and aggressive responses for each domain. Regression analyses indicated that ratings of aggressive responses were more strongly related to aggressive intentions, and ratings of effective responses were more strongly related to intentions to use effective responses. Adolescents who varied in their level of aggression differed in their ratings of aggressive and nonviolent responses. Those reporting higher levels of aggression showed less differentiation between effective and ineffective nonviolent responses compared with those reporting lower levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for further efforts to identify factors that promote effective nonviolent behavior versus those that support aggression. They have important implications for the development of violence prevention programs.

中文翻译：

---

青少年对问题情境反应的评估及其与攻击性和非暴力行为的关系。

目的 本研究调查了青少年对问题情境的反应的评价，以及它们与攻击性和非暴力行为的行为意图之间的关系。一个关键问题是，有效和无效的非暴力反应和攻击性反应的评级是否反映了不同的结构或单一维度的相反两端。方法 一个城市公立学校系统的 183 名学生的样本为大多数非裔美国人服务，他们完成了攻击性测量，并从五个维度对假设情况的反应进行评分：行为意图、有效性、描述性规范和来自朋友的预期反应和父母。反应包括对先前定性研究中确定的问题情况的非暴力反应和积极反应。根据青年和成人社区样本的评级，非暴力反应被归类为有效或无效。结果 验证性因素分析支持代表每个领域的有效反应和积极反应评级的单独因素。回归分析表明，攻击性反应的评分与攻击性意图密切相关，有效反应的评分与使用有效反应的意图密切相关。攻击性程度不同的青少年对攻击性和非暴力反应的评分也不同。与那些报告攻击程度较低的人相比，那些报告攻击程度较高的人在有效和无效的非暴力反应之间的差异较小。结论 这些发现强调需要进一步努力确定促进有效非暴力行为的因素与支持攻击的因素。它们对制定暴力预防计划具有重要意义。