Under-panel cameras provide an intriguing way to maximize the display area for a mobile device. An under-panel camera images a scene via the openings in the display panel; hence, a captured photograph is noisy as well as endowed with a large diffractive blur as the display acts as an aperture on the lens. Unfortunately, the pattern of openings commonly found in current LED displays are not conducive to high-quality deblurring. This paper redesigns the layout of openings in the display to engineer a blur kernel that is robustly invertible in the presence of noise. We first provide a basic analysis using Fourier optics that indicates that the nature of the blur is critically affected by the periodicity of the display openings as well as the shape of the opening at each individual display pixel. Armed with this insight, we provide a suite of modifications to the pixel layout that promote the invertibility of the blur kernels. We evaluate the proposed layouts with photomasks placed in front of a cellphone camera, thereby emulating an under-panel camera. A key takeaway is that optimizing the display layout does indeed produce significant improvements.

中文翻译：

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设计面板下摄像机的显示像素布局。

平板式摄像机提供了一种吸引人的方式来最大化移动设备的显示区域。面板下的摄像头通过显示面板上的开口为场景成像；因此，由于显示器充当镜头上的光圈，因此拍摄的照片既嘈杂又具有很大的衍射模糊。不幸的是，当前LED显示器中常见的开口图案不利于高质量的去模糊。本文重新设计了显示器开口的布局，以设计出一个模糊内核，该模糊内核在存在噪声的情况下可以可靠地反转。我们首先提供使用傅立叶光学的基本分析，该分析表明模糊的性质受到显示开口的周期性以及每个单独显示像素处开口形状的严重影响。有了这种洞察力，我们提供了一组像素布局修改，以促进模糊内核的可逆性。我们通过将光掩模放置在手机摄像头前评估拟议的布局，从而模拟平板摄像头。一个关键的要点是，优化显示布局确实可以带来显着的改进。